Chemistry- Topic 1/Atomic structure and bonding Flashcards
How has the dalton model changed overtime?
The discovery of subatomic particles lead to the plum and pudding model. This was disproved by the gold foil experiment where alpha particles were fired at a sheet of gold foil and deflected off. The conclusion was that there was a central positive nucleus but that atoms were mostly made of empty space and making the nuclear model.
Isotope
An atom with the same number of electrons and protons but different number of neutrons thus affecting its weight.
Relative atomic mass
((Abundance x mass) + (Abundance x mass))/ overall abundance
Ionic bonding
The bond between a metal and non-metal
Ionic bonding -ide ening
An anion/ negatively charged atom with 2 elements
Ionic bonding -ate ending
An anion/ negatively charged atom with 3 + elements, one being oxygen.
Solid to gas
sublimation
Gas to solid
defersation
Why do the graphs show no temperature rise when changing state
As more kinetic energy is supplied, the particles begin to change state, however a solid cannot rise above its melting point before it becomes a liquid, therefore the line goes horizontal.
Why does temperature remain constant in a phase change?
1) Increased HEAT energy causes more KINETIC energy and thus faster particle movement.
2) The INTERMOLECULAR forces PREVENT the particles from MOVING quicker
3) Heat and Ke of a substance are directly PROPORTIONAL
4) As the substance CANNOT MOVE QUICKER, the heat energy instead of raising the temperature and therefore ke, BREAKS the INTERMOLECULAR bonds
5) Breaking these bonds can TAKE some TIME, therefore we have a constant temp in a phase change
6) Because not all particles have changed to the next form, and therefore cannot be warmer than the change of state temp.
What is a covalent bond?
A bond between two non-metals sharing a pair of electrons.
formed due to electrostatic force of attraction between the negatively charged electron and positively charged nuclei
How is a covalent bond formed?
Bond is formed due to electrostatic force of attraction between the negatively charged electron and positively charged nuclei
How to work out and draw a dot and cross diagram?
1) Find out how many electrons all the atoms need
How are atoms mass measured?
In proportion to hydron which poses as 1.
How is the periodic table arranged?
Order of atomic number
