Chemistry part two Flashcards
What are ionic compounds?
Pure substances made by attraction between particles of opposite charges (ions). One metal and one non-metal.
What are the qualities of Ionic Compounds?
- high melting/boiling point
- good electrical conductivity
- solid at room temperature
What are ion charges?
The charges of the ions shown by a subscript or a plus/minus sign.
What are cations?
Positive ions.
What are anions?
negative ions.
How do you name an ionic compound?
1) Use the full name of the first metal. (cation)
2) Put the name of the non-metal. (anion)
3) change the ending to -ide unless it is a polyatomic ion
4) If the cation had more than one charge, show which one by using roman numerals.
5) balance the charge sso that the ions are equal to zero.
What are molecular compounds?
Compounds formed when non-metals combine.
What are the properties of a molecular compound?
- low melting/boiling point
- electrical conductivity bad
- can be solid, liquid, or gas at room temperature
How do you name a molecular compound?
1) Use the full name of the first element.
2) Add the prefix (except for mono)
3) Add the name of the second element and change the ending to -ide
4) Add the Prefix
What are the prefixes for Molecular compound?
1- mono
2- di
3- tri
4- tetra
5- penta
6- hexa
7- hepta
8- octa
9- nona
10- deca
What are reactants?
materials that are combined to start a reaction
What are products?
new materials produced by the reaction
What are word equations?
Chemical reactions written in words. Reactants are on the left, products are on the right.
what is endothermic?
absorbs energy from the surroundings
what is exothermic?
release energy to surroundings.
What are the three chemical reactions?
1) Combustion- oxygen reacts with a chemical to produce a new substance and a release of energy
2) Corrosion- oxygen in the air reacts with a metal
3) Cellular Respiration- takes place in the body cells. Oxygen reacts with glucose (food) to produce water, carbon dioxide, and energy.
What is the law of conservation of mass?
In any chemical reaction, the total mass of the reactant is equal to the total mass of the products because matter isn’t created nor destroyed.
What is an open system?
A system where products of a chemical reaction can escape.
What is a closed system?
A system in which additional matter of a chemical reaction cannot escape.
What are the factors that affect the rate of reaction?
1) Catalysts- helps the reaction get faster but not changed during the reaction so not a reactant (ex. enzymes).
2) Concentration- more atoms are able to react if there are more reactants so the reaction happens more quickly.
3) Temperature- increase in temperature speeds the rate of reaction because the more heat the more atoms are moving and able to collide with each other.
4) Surface area- surface area is increased, more reactant able to react.
