Biological diversity part four Flashcards

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1
Q

What are four ways that species and ecosystems are being stressed on Earth?

A

1) Agriculture
2) Urbanization causing pollution
3) Expansion of Industry
4) Forestry

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2
Q

What are three ways biological diversity is reduced?

A

1) Extinction of some species
2) Decrease in populations of other species
3) Degradation of ecosystems

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3
Q

What is extinction?

A

A species no longer exists on the planet.

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4
Q

What is extirpation?

A

A species no longer exists in an area but is occurring elsewhere.

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5
Q

What is being endangered?

A

A species in immediate danger of becoming extinct or extirpated.

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6
Q

What is being threatened?

A

A species is likely to become endangered if current declines are not reversed.

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7
Q

What is special concern?

A

A species is particularly vulnerable to natural events or human activities.

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8
Q

What are three examples of natural causes of extinction or extirpation?

A

1) Catastrophic events
2) lack of food because of overpopulation
3) disease

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9
Q

What is overspecialization?

A

Species has adaptations for a small set of environmental conditions which leaves it vulnerable to extinction.

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10
Q

What are human causes of extinction and extirpation?

A

1) Habitat destruction (construction and clearing land)
2) Introduction of non-native species (cattle took over bison grazing land)
3) Over-hunting (Passenger pigeons hunted to extinction)

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11
Q

What is artificial selection?

A

Breeding by humans of plants and animals with desirable traits to produce offspring with only those desirable traits.

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12
Q

What is biotechnology?

A

The use of living things to make agricultural, industrial, or medical products.

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13
Q

What are examples of biotechnology?

A
  • artificial reproduction
  • cloning
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14
Q

What is artificial reproductive technology?

A

it refers to any artificial method of joining a male and female gamete.

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15
Q

What is artificial insemination?

A

Artificial collection and injection of sperm from a male to a female. (used in livestock breeding)

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16
Q

What is vitro fertilization?

A

Fertilization that happens outside the body, usually in a petri dish; used in livestock breeding.

17
Q

What is genetic engineering?

A

It refers to altering DNA; inserting a gene from a species into another.

18
Q

What is an In-situ conservation?

A

The maintenance of populations of wild organisms in their functioning ecosystems.

19
Q

What have governments done to ensure the protection of various species that are either threatened or endangered?

A

Created laws to protect them by making it illegal to hunt or capture them.

20
Q

What is an Ex-situ conservation?

A

The conservation of components of biological diversity away from its natural habitat.

21
Q

Why are zoos important?

A

Some species are endangered due to lack of a habitat. Zoos replicate these.