Biological diversity part two

Question 1

What is the difference between a food web and a food chain?

Answer 1

Food Web- what everything eats.
Food Chain- transfer of energy.

Question 2

What is variability?

Answer 2

Variation within a population of a single species. Can be behavioral tendency or genetic modification.

Question 3

What is natural selection?

Answer 3

Factors in the environment determine or “select” which individuals within a species survive.

Question 4

What are heritable characteristics?

Answer 4

Traits passed onto offspring directly from the parents inside the genetic material. Ex: Hair color, eye color.

Question 5

What are non-heritable characteristics?

Answer 5

Acquired traits not necessarily passed down. Ex: Athleticism, artistic ability.

Question 6

What are discrete variations?

Answer 6

Differences with a definite form. (one or the other). Ex: straight vs hitchhiker’s thumb

Question 7

What are continuous variations?

Answer 7

Differences in characteristics with a multitude of variations. Ex: height, weight, shoe size

Question 8

What is Asexual reproduction?

Answer 8

Involves one parent, and all offspring are identical to the parent.

Question 9

What are the types of asexual reproduction?

Answer 9

• Binary Fission
• Budding
• Spore Production
• Vegetation Reproduction
• Parthenogenesis

Question 10

What is Binary Fission?

Answer 10

Used only by single-celled organisms. The cell splits into two. Ex: algae.

Question 11

What is Budding?

Answer 11

Parent produces a bud (smaller version of itself) This eventually detaches and becomes a self-sufficient individual. Ex: Coral.

Question 12

What is Spore Production?

Answer 12

Spores are like seeds but are produced by the division of cells on the parent. Each spore will grow into an individual. Ex: mushroom.

Question 13

What is Vegetation Reproduction?

Answer 13

Reproduction of a plant not involving a seed; cutting, runners, suckers, tubers. Ex: Aspen Tree.

Question 14

What is Parthenogenesis?

Answer 14

Reproduction from an ovum without fertilization, especially as a normal process in some invertebrates and lower plants. (Ex: Bees.

Question 15

What is Sexual Reproduction?

Answer 15

Usually involves two individual organisms. Offspring inherit half of genetic information from one parent, and the other half from the other.

Question 16

What are Male and Female gametes called in animals?

Answer 16

Male- sperm cells
Female- egg cells/ova

Question 17

What is a zygote?

Answer 17

Fertilized combination of cells formed when sperm cells and egg cells unite.

Question 18

What is Cleavage?

Answer 18

The process when a zygote divides and continues to divide over and over until an embryo is formed.

Question 19

What are Male and Female gametes called in plants?

Answer 19

Male- pollen
Female- Ovule

Question 20

What is pollination?

Answer 20

Occurs when pollen is transferred from the anther to the stigma on one plant.

Question 21

What is Cross Pollination?

Answer 21

Occurs when pollen from a plant is carried to the stigma of another one.

Question 22

What is Cross-Fertilization?

Answer 22

Occurs when a grain of pollen forms a long tube that grows down the style into the ovary.

Question 23

What organism reproduces asexually and sexually?

Answer 23

Sponges

Question 24

What are advantages of asexual reproduction?

Answer 24

• no special cells needed
• only need one parent
• produce many very quickly
• have an advantage where the environment doesn’t change much

Question 25

What are disadvantages of asexual reproduction?

Answer 25

• little genetic variation
• less adaptability to changes

Question 26

What are advantages of sexual reproduction?

Answer 26

• more genetic variation
• helps survival when environment changes

Question 27

What are disadvantages of sexual reproduction?

Answer 27

• takes a lot of energy
• takes a lot of time
• smaller populations produced

Question 28

What is hermaphrodite?

Answer 28

Organism with both male and female reproductive organs. Ex: slugs.