Biological diversity part two Flashcards
What is the difference between a food web and a food chain?
Food Web- what everything eats.
Food Chain- transfer of energy.
What is variability?
Variation within a population of a single species. Can be behavioral tendency or genetic modification.
What is natural selection?
Factors in the environment determine or “select” which individuals within a species survive.
What are heritable characteristics?
Traits passed onto offspring directly from the parents inside the genetic material. Ex: Hair color, eye color.
What are non-heritable characteristics?
Acquired traits not necessarily passed down. Ex: Athleticism, artistic ability.
What are discrete variations?
Differences with a definite form. (one or the other). Ex: straight vs hitchhiker’s thumb
What are continuous variations?
Differences in characteristics with a multitude of variations. Ex: height, weight, shoe size
What is Asexual reproduction?
Involves one parent, and all offspring are identical to the parent.
What are the types of asexual reproduction?
- Binary Fission
- Budding
- Spore Production
- Vegetation Reproduction
- Parthenogenesis
What is Binary Fission?
Used only by single-celled organisms. The cell splits into two. Ex: algae.
What is Budding?
Parent produces a bud (smaller version of itself) This eventually detaches and becomes a self-sufficient individual. Ex: Coral.
What is Spore Production?
Spores are like seeds but are produced by the division of cells on the parent. Each spore will grow into an individual. Ex: mushroom.
What is Vegetation Reproduction?
Reproduction of a plant not involving a seed; cutting, runners, suckers, tubers. Ex: Aspen Tree.
What is Parthenogenesis?
Reproduction from an ovum without fertilization, especially as a normal process in some invertebrates and lower plants. (Ex: Bees.
What is Sexual Reproduction?
Usually involves two individual organisms. Offspring inherit half of genetic information from one parent, and the other half from the other.
What are Male and Female gametes called in animals?
Male- sperm cells
Female- egg cells/ova
What is a zygote?
Fertilized combination of cells formed when sperm cells and egg cells unite.
What is Cleavage?
The process when a zygote divides and continues to divide over and over until an embryo is formed.
What are Male and Female gametes called in plants?
Male- pollen
Female- Ovule
What is pollination?
Occurs when pollen is transferred from the anther to the stigma on one plant.
What is Cross Pollination?
Occurs when pollen from a plant is carried to the stigma of another one.
What is Cross-Fertilization?
Occurs when a grain of pollen forms a long tube that grows down the style into the ovary.
What organism reproduces asexually and sexually?
Sponges
What are advantages of asexual reproduction?
- no special cells needed
- only need one parent
- produce many very quickly
- have an advantage where the environment doesn’t change much
