Chemistry Part 2 ATOMS

Question 1

Atom

Answer 1

The building blocks of everything in the universe, matter is made of atoms

Question 2

Sub-atomic particles of the atom

Answer 2

Protons (p+) - positive charge - mass=1 - inside nucleus
Neutron (n0) -neutral charge - mass=1, inside nucleus
Electrons (e-) - negative charge - mass= 1/2000 of a proton - orbits nucleus

Question 3

element

Answer 3

a pure substance made of one type of atom and cannot be broken down by physical means

Question 4

Periodic Table

Answer 4

• created by Mendeleev
• organized by similar physical properties and atomic numbers
• 118 elements
• shows an elements symbol, first letter is capitalized
• made up of periods and groups

Question 5

Metals on the periodic table

Answer 5

• on the left
• conduct heat and electricity
• ductile, malleable, and lustrous

Question 6

Metalloids on the periodic table

Answer 6

• along the amphoteric line
• properties of both metals and non metals

Question 7

Non metals on the periodic table

Answer 7

• insulate
• on right side of table
• plus hydrogen

Question 8

Alkali Metals

Answer 8

• group 1
• most reactive
• soft silver gray metals

Question 9

Alkaline Earth Metals

Answer 9

• group 2
• not as reactive as group 1 but reactive
• harder than group 1

Question 10

Transition Metals

Answer 10

• groups 3-12
• low reactivity

Question 11

Halogens

Answer 11

• group 17
• most reactive non metals
• rarely found in elemental form

Question 12

Noble Gases

Answer 12

• stable
• colourless
• odourless
• tasteless

Question 13

Hydrogen

Answer 13

• non metal
• lightest of the elements
• gas at room temperature

Question 14

periods in periodic table

Answer 14

• thé horizontal rows
• 7 periods
• elements in a period have the same number of shells
• top row is lanthanides
• bottom row is antinides

Question 15

Democritus

Answer 15

• pounded up materials into smaller and smaller particles that he called atoma
• proposed that atoms are diff sizes, constant motion and separated by empty spaces

Question 16

Aristotle

Answer 16

rejected the idea of atoms
- matters is made of water fire air earth
- accepted for 2000 years

Question 17

John Dalton

Answer 17

• all matter is made up of tiny spheres that bounce around w/ elasticity
• called em atoms
• atoms of same element have the same mass and size, but diff elements are diff
• compounds are created when atoms of diff elements link

Question 18

Joseph J Thompson

Answer 18

• atoms eject small particles called ELECTRONS
• used an electric current to determine its charge
• plum pudding model (electrons float in positive soup)

Question 19

Ernest Rutherford

Answer 19

• detailed model w central nucleus
• nucleus has small dense positive charge and attracts electrons
• discovered protons
• experiment: fired positive particles at a thin sheet of gold foil. Some passed through, deflected and some bounced straight back

Question 20

James Chadwick

Answer 20

• neutrons (no charge)
• atom is empty sphere dense central nucleus
• nucleus has protons and neutrons
• mass of neutrons = mass of protons
• electrons circle nucleus
• neutral atom has same number of protons and electrons

Question 21

Noël Bohr

Answer 21

• électrons are in orbits
• has fixed energy
• can not jump between orbits
• can jump to another orbit
• orbits have a max # of electrons:
  1st orbit = 2 electrons
  2nd orbit = 8 electrons
  3rd orbit = 8 electrons

Question 22

Thé atom structure

Answer 22

• nucleus w protons and neutrons
• electrons orbit

Question 23

Atomic number

Answer 23

• shows the number of protons and electrons in a neutral atom
  -identifies atom

Question 24

Atomic mass

Answer 24

= protons + neutrons
and
neutrons = atomic mass - protons

Question 25

standard atomic notation

Answer 25

• atomic number below symbol
• atomic mass above symbol

Question 26

Ions

Answer 26

an atom that is charged (has gained or lost electrons)

Question 27

Cation

Answer 27

A positively charged ion (lost electrons)

Question 28

Anion

Answer 28

negatively charged ion (gained electrons)

Question 29

calculate overall charge

Answer 29

overall charge = #protons - #electrons

Question 30

Isotope

Answer 30

an atom of the same element with a different number of neutrons (diff atomic mass)

Question 31

molecular compound

Answer 31

a molecule that consists of two or more different elements

Question 32

molecular element

Answer 32

a molecule that is made up of two atoms of the same element

Question 33

ionic compound

Answer 33

a compound that consists of positively and negatively charged ions (non metals and metal)
(like trade electrons)