Biology Part 2 THE CYCLES

Question 1

biochemical cycle

Answer 1

the movement of matter through the biotic and abiotic environment

Question 2

Water cycle

Answer 2

evaporation or transpiration
condensation
precipitation
surface run off
ground water

Question 3

The carbon cycle

Answer 3

The cycling of carbon through the lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere

carbon is always recycles

Question 4

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration and carbon

Answer 4

Photosynthesis: converts inorganic carbon into organic carbon

cellular respiration: converts organic carbon into inorganic carbon

Question 5

carbon resevoirs

Answer 5

• carbon stored for long periods of time
  ex:
  oil
  coal
  natural gas
  limestone

Question 6

carbon sink

Answer 6

• carbon stored for short periods of time
  ex:
  carbon dio. dissolved in ocean
  carbon dio. in the atmosphere
  plant tissue

Question 7

human impact on carbon cycle

Answer 7

• burn fossil fuels (adds carbon)
• deforestation (no more trees = no more carbon storage)
• earth gets hot from carbon dioxide build up

Question 8

The nitrogen cycle

Answer 8

1. nitrogen fixation
   2 nitrification
2. assimilation
3. ammonification
4. denitrification

Question 9

Nitrogen fixation

Answer 9

nitrogen gas (N2) is converted into usuable nitrogen by:

1. nitrogen is deposited into soil through precipitation and bacteria (rhizobium) covert into NH3 (ammonia)
2. atmosphere fixation (lightning)
3. through man-made processes

Question 10

Nitrification

Answer 10

ammonia (NH3) is converted into nitrate (NO3-)
by nitrifying bacteria

Question 11

Assimilation

Answer 11

producers introduce nitrogen into the food web by:

1. producers take in nitrogen compounds from soil
2. it is used to formation of proteins
3. nitrogen introduced to web when producer is consumed

Question 12

Ammonification

Answer 12

nitrogen is released into soil by:
1. animal/plant dies and decomposes, the nitrogen in organic matter is released into soil
2. decomposer in soil converts organic matter back into ammonia (NH3)

Question 13

Denitrification

Answer 13

1. nitrate (NO3) is converted into gaseous nitrogen (N2) by denitrifying bacteria
2. nitrogen back into atmosphere

Question 14

Human impact on the nitrogen cycle

Answer 14

• increased use of fertilizer
• industrial burning of fossil fuels

Question 15

What happens to ecosystems when there is TOO MUCH nitrogen?

Answer 15

• makes SOIL acidic
• create ACID RAIN
• EUTROPHICATION (build up of nutrients in lake and causes an increase in bacteria)
• ALGAE BLOOMS
• DECREASE BIODIVERSITY

Question 16

What decreases and increases populations

Answer 16

increases: births and immigrations
decreases: deaths and emmigrations

Question 17

Population growth equation

Answer 17

population growth = (births + immigrations) - (deaths + emmigrations)

Question 18

LIMITING FACTORS

Answer 18

keeps populations from growing

Question 19

Carrying Capacity

Answer 19

the max # of individuals that an environment can support
- determined by how many limiting factors there are

Question 20

Population density

Answer 20

of organisms living in a given space

Question 21

Density Dependent Factors

Answer 21

affects when REACHES A CERTAIN density

examples: competition, predation, disease, crowding, parasitism

Question 22

Density Independent Factors

Answer 22

affects REGARDLESS of density

example: natural disasters, temperature, human activities, behaviours

Question 23

Intra-specific Competition

Answer 23

two organisms from SAME species fight for food and resources

Question 24

Inter-specific competition

Answer 24

two organisms from DIFF species fight for food and resources

Question 25

Biodiversity

Answer 25

different kinds of life

Question 26

Invasive Species

Answer 26

• non-native species introduced into an ecosystem that disrupts or causes harm to their new environment

Question 27

Invasive species impact:

Answer 27

Ecological: causes extinction or decrease in native species, alter nutrient cyles or energy flow

Economic: lowers crop yield and larger cost to control population

Tourism: clogging water ways, decrease water quality

Health: cause disease, use pesticides to control invasive species

Question 28

How to control non-native species

Answer 28

Chemical Control: pesticides
Mechanical Contol: physical barriers/removal, cut down, hunt, fish, trapped,
Biological Control: introduce new species to control invasive species

Question 29

Symbiosis

Answer 29

when organisms are dependent on each other to survive

Question 30

Parasistism

Answer 30

when organism feeds on another HOST organism

Question 31

Mutualism

Answer 31

both organisms benefit

Question 32

Predation

Answer 32

one organism feeds on another

Question 33

Commensalism

Answer 33

one organism survives off another species w/o harming them

Question 34

Competition

Answer 34

species/individuals compete for different resources

Question 35

Biome

Answer 35

a large geographical region by climate with a specific set of biotic and abiotic features

Question 36

canadas biomes

Answer 36

• tundra
  -grassland
• temperate deciduous forest
• boreal forest
• marine
• freshwater

Question 37

temperate decidious

Answer 37

warmer than boreal, fertile soil

Question 38

grassland

Answer 38

warmer than tundra, rich fertile soil, longer growing season than boreal

Question 39

boreal forest

Answer 39

warmer than tundra, coniferous trees, quirrels, no permafrost, acidic

Question 40

tundra

Answer 40

cold, permafrost, short growing season

Question 41

tropical rain forest

Answer 41

high humidity, high precipitation, leeched soil, long growing season

Question 42

marine

Answer 42

coral, seawater, lobster, whales, lots of salt, poor nutrient level

Question 43

freshwater

Answer 43

aquatic plants, algae, fish , amphibians