Biology Part 2 THE CYCLES Flashcards

1
Q

biochemical cycle

A

the movement of matter through the biotic and abiotic environment

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2
Q

Water cycle

A

evaporation or transpiration
condensation
precipitation
surface run off
ground water

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3
Q

The carbon cycle

A

The cycling of carbon through the lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere

carbon is always recycles

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4
Q

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration and carbon

A

Photosynthesis: converts inorganic carbon into organic carbon

cellular respiration: converts organic carbon into inorganic carbon

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5
Q

carbon resevoirs

A
  • carbon stored for long periods of time
    ex:
    oil
    coal
    natural gas
    limestone
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6
Q

carbon sink

A
  • carbon stored for short periods of time
    ex:
    carbon dio. dissolved in ocean
    carbon dio. in the atmosphere
    plant tissue
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7
Q

human impact on carbon cycle

A
  • burn fossil fuels (adds carbon)
  • deforestation (no more trees = no more carbon storage)
  • earth gets hot from carbon dioxide build up
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8
Q

The nitrogen cycle

A
  1. nitrogen fixation
    2 nitrification
  2. assimilation
  3. ammonification
  4. denitrification
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9
Q

Nitrogen fixation

A

nitrogen gas (N2) is converted into usuable nitrogen by:

  1. nitrogen is deposited into soil through precipitation and bacteria (rhizobium) covert into NH3 (ammonia)
  2. atmosphere fixation (lightning)
  3. through man-made processes
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10
Q

Nitrification

A

ammonia (NH3) is converted into nitrate (NO3-)
by nitrifying bacteria

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11
Q

Assimilation

A

producers introduce nitrogen into the food web by:

  1. producers take in nitrogen compounds from soil
  2. it is used to formation of proteins
  3. nitrogen introduced to web when producer is consumed
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12
Q

Ammonification

A

nitrogen is released into soil by:
1. animal/plant dies and decomposes, the nitrogen in organic matter is released into soil
2. decomposer in soil converts organic matter back into ammonia (NH3)

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13
Q

Denitrification

A
  1. nitrate (NO3) is converted into gaseous nitrogen (N2) by denitrifying bacteria
  2. nitrogen back into atmosphere
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14
Q

Human impact on the nitrogen cycle

A
  • increased use of fertilizer
  • industrial burning of fossil fuels
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15
Q

What happens to ecosystems when there is TOO MUCH nitrogen?

A
  • makes SOIL acidic
  • create ACID RAIN
  • EUTROPHICATION (build up of nutrients in lake and causes an increase in bacteria)
  • ALGAE BLOOMS
  • DECREASE BIODIVERSITY
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16
Q

What decreases and increases populations

A

increases: births and immigrations
decreases: deaths and emmigrations

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17
Q

Population growth equation

A

population growth = (births + immigrations) - (deaths + emmigrations)

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18
Q

LIMITING FACTORS

A

keeps populations from growing

19
Q

Carrying Capacity

A

the max # of individuals that an environment can support
- determined by how many limiting factors there are

20
Q

Population density

A

of organisms living in a given space

21
Q

Density Dependent Factors

A

affects when REACHES A CERTAIN density

examples: competition, predation, disease, crowding, parasitism

22
Q

Density Independent Factors

A

affects REGARDLESS of density

example: natural disasters, temperature, human activities, behaviours

23
Q

Intra-specific Competition

A

two organisms from SAME species fight for food and resources

24
Q

Inter-specific competition

A

two organisms from DIFF species fight for food and resources

25
Biodiversity
different kinds of life
26
Invasive Species
- non-native species introduced into an ecosystem that disrupts or causes harm to their new environment
27
Invasive species impact:
Ecological: causes extinction or decrease in native species, alter nutrient cyles or energy flow Economic: lowers crop yield and larger cost to control population Tourism: clogging water ways, decrease water quality Health: cause disease, use pesticides to control invasive species
28
How to control non-native species
Chemical Control: pesticides Mechanical Contol: physical barriers/removal, cut down, hunt, fish, trapped, Biological Control: introduce new species to control invasive species
29
Symbiosis
when organisms are dependent on each other to survive
30
Parasistism
when organism feeds on another HOST organism
31
Mutualism
both organisms benefit
32
Predation
one organism feeds on another
33
Commensalism
one organism survives off another species w/o harming them
34
Competition
species/individuals compete for different resources
35
Biome
a large geographical region by climate with a specific set of biotic and abiotic features
36
canadas biomes
- tundra -grassland - temperate deciduous forest - boreal forest - marine - freshwater
37
temperate decidious
warmer than boreal, fertile soil
38
grassland
warmer than tundra, rich fertile soil, longer growing season than boreal
39
boreal forest
warmer than tundra, coniferous trees, quirrels, no permafrost, acidic
40
tundra
cold, permafrost, short growing season
41
tropical rain forest
high humidity, high precipitation, leeched soil, long growing season
42
marine
coral, seawater, lobster, whales, lots of salt, poor nutrient level
43
freshwater
aquatic plants, algae, fish , amphibians