Biology Part 1 FOOD CHAINS AND WEBS

Question 1

Ecology

Answer 1

studies the relationship of organisms with their environment and with each other

Question 2

Ecosystem

Answer 2

a community of biotic and abiotic things interacting with each other

Question 3

Niche

Answer 3

the role an organism plays in its environment

Question 4

Habitat

Answer 4

the area where an organism naturally grows or lives

Question 5

Atmosphere

Answer 5

layer of gases above the Earth’s surface, it moderates temperature, holds in thermal energy and blocks out ultraviolet (UV) light

Question 6

Lithosphere

Answer 6

made up of the rocks on Earth’s solid landscape, including the mountains and ocean floor

Question 7

hydrosphere

Answer 7

all the water on Earth’s surface, about 70% of Earth’s surface (constantly moving, affects weather)

Question 8

Biosphere

Answer 8

area withing the hydrosphere, lithosphere, and atmosphere

Question 9

biotic

Answer 9

living parts of an ecosystem (including their remains and wastes)

Question 10

abiotic

Answer 10

non-living parts of an ecosystem

Question 11

population

Answer 11

a group of individuals of the same species living in the same area

Question 12

community

Answer 12

the interaction of many populations

Question 13

trophic level

Answer 13

the level of an organism in an ecosystem depending on its feeding position in the food chain

Question 14

autotrophs

Answer 14

organism that can make their own food

Question 15

heterotrophs

Answer 15

organisms that must consume other organisms to obtain food

Question 16

decomposers

Answer 16

an organism that decomposes organic material

Question 17

omnivore

Answer 17

organisms that feed on both producers and non-producers

Question 18

carnivore

Answer 18

organisms that consume non-producers to obtain food

Question 19

herbivore

Answer 19

organisms that consume plants

Question 20

scavengers

Answer 20

organisms that feed on the bodies of larger dead animals

Question 21

food chain

Answer 21

a LINEAR representation of feeding patterns between different organisms in a specific area

Question 22

food web

Answer 22

the interconnected relationship of the feeding patterns of different organisms in a specific area

Question 23

How much energy from the sun do plants absorb?

Answer 23

plants absorb 0.023% of energy passed from the sun

Question 24

Photosynthesis

Answer 24

process of converting solar energy into chemical energy usable by cells (this chemical energy is stored into glucose)

Question 25

Photosynthesis word and chemical equations

Answer 25

carbon dioxide + water ——-(sunlight)—-> glucose + oxygen

6CO2 + 6H2O —–> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 26

Cellular respiration

Answer 26

process by which sugar and oxygen are converted to carbon dioxide and water to provide energy for the cell

Question 27

cellular respiration word and chemical equation

Answer 27

glucose + oxygen ——-> carbon dioxide + water + ATP (energy)

C6H12O6 + O2 ——> CO2 + H2O + ATP

Question 28

Types of pyramids

Answer 28

energy: total amount of energy at diff trophic levels

numbers: total number of organisms at each trophic level

biomass: total mass of the organisms at each trophic level

Question 29

pests

Answer 29

organisms that people consider harmful or inconvenient

Question 30

pesticides

Answer 30

a substance used to kill pests

Question 31

Bioaccumulation

Answer 31

the GRADUAL increase of the concentration of a substance (pesticides or toxins) in an organism (over time)

Question 32

Bioamplification

Answer 32

the increase in concentration of a substance (pesticides or toxins) as it moves higher up the food chain (when animals eat a contaminated animal)

Question 33

What to label on a food chain

Answer 33

1. herbivore/carnivore
2. primary, secondary, etc. consumers
3. trophic level
4. autotroph or heterotroph