✅Chemistry PAPER2 chemistry of the atmosphere Flashcards
What was the theory that volcano was released
Nitrogen which built up in the atmosphere over time, water vapour and small amount of methane and ammonia
Where did carbon dioxide go when it was removed from the atmosphere
It dissolved in oceans
What happens after The carbon dioxide dissolved
It formed carbonate that precipitated a small solid particles (sediment)
How was crude oil gas, coal believed to be formed in phase 2
From the remains of plankton that settled on the seabed
What is cool believed to be made from
Thick layers of plants that died and settled on the seabed
What is limestone believed to be made of
Calcium carbonate from the shells and skeletons of marine organisms
What is the equation for photosynthesis
Carbon dioxide + water = glucose + oxygen
What plants produce oxygen
Green plants and algae
Describe how sedimentary rocks are formed
See organisms die they fall to the seabed, and get buried, over millions of years the squash down to form sedimentary rock e.g coal, limestone.
What are greenhouse gases
Gases that include carbon dioxide, methane and water vapour
What do greenhouse gases do
They keep the Earth warm enough to support life
How do greenhouse gases work
The Sun gives out short wavelength radiation
The radiation is reflected back by the Earth as long wavelength radiation, this is thermal radiation, and it is absorbed by greenhouse gases,
Greenhouse gases then gives out this radiation in all directions, and some of the radiation heads back towards the Earth and warms up the surface, which is called the greenhouse affect.
What are some forms of human activity that increase the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere
Deforestation, agriculture, waste
How does deforestation increase the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere
Trees are cut down which means less carbon dioxide is taken in for photosynthesis
How does agriculture increase the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere
More farm animals are produced which means more methane is produced when they digest food
How does creating waste increase the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere
More landfill sites and more waste from farming means more carbon dioxide and methane is released when the waste breaks down
What dangerous consequences can climate change have
Higher global temperature which can make ice in the Arctic melt, storms may become more frequent and severe, rainfall may cause some regions to get too much or too little water
What do carbon footprints measure
Carbon footprints are a measure of the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases released over the full life-cycle.
How can you reduce carbon footprint
By reducing the amount of greenhouse gases given out by a process
What are some strategies to reduce carbon footprint
Using renewable energy sources that won’t run out
Using nuclear energy instead of fossil fuels
Government taxing companies based on the amount of greenhouse gases they emit, which could encourage people to use less fuel
Technology can capture carbon dioxide before it’s released into the atmosphere it can then be stored deep underground
What two things can the government do to try and reduce the greenhouse gas emissions of businesses
Tax companies based on the amount of greenhouse gases they admit to encourage people to use less fuel
Putting a limit on emissions of all greenhouse gases that companies make
What are the gases can be released when burning fossil fuels
Nitrogen, sulphur dioxide, and carbon monoxide
Which fossil fuels contain hydrocarbons
Crude oil, coal
What does combust mean
Burn in oxygen
What is complete combustion
When there’s plenty of oxygen around all of the fuel, then it burns
What is incomplete combustion
When there’s not enough oxygen around some of the fuel, then it does not burn
Name two pollutants that can be released during the combustion of hydrocarbon is when there’s not enough oxygen present
Carbon dioxide, water vapour
What happens during incomplete combustion
Solid particles called particulates of soot and unburned fuels are released
What happens if particulates are breathed in
If you get stuck in the lungs and cause damage and can lead to respiratory problems
How is carbon monoxide dangerous
Because it can stop your blood from carrying enough oxygen around the body which can cause fainting or even death
How does nitrogen oxides form
When nitrogen and oxygen in the air is reacted and it is caused by heat of the burning fossil fuels
What happens when nitrogen and oxygen mix
They mix with clouds and cause acid rain which can kill plants and damage buildings
