Chemistry Paper 2 Topics Flashcards
What do steep lines mean on rates of reaction graphs?
Steep lines on reaction graphs = fast reaction
How can more products be formed in a reaction?
Increase products by increasing the reactants
What do flat lines represent on a rate of reaction graph?
Flat lines on reaction graphs mean that the reaction has stopped
What is activation energy?
Activation energy is the minimum amount of energy needed for particles to react
What two factors does the rate of reaction depend on?
The rate of reaction depends on collision frequency and collision energy
What is collision frequency?
The collision frequency is the number of collisions between particles in a reaction.
How does collision frequency affect the rate of reaction?
More collisions = faster rate of reaction (as there is more energy)
How does collision energy affect the rate of reaction?
Collision energy affects the rate of reaction as enough energy is needed to be transferred in a collision to overcome activation energy and break the bonds
How does temperature affect the rate of reaction?
Higher temp = faster rate of reaction
Lower temps = slower rate of reaction
How does concentration/pressure affect the rate of reaction?
High concentration/pressure = faster rates of reaction
Low concentration/pressure = slower rates of reaction
How does surface area affect the rate of reaction?
Large surface area = faster rates of reaction
Small surface area = slower rates of reaction
What is a catalyst?
A catalyst speeds up reactions by decreasing activation energy and providing an alternative pathway
How can we reach equilibrium in a reaction?
Equilibrium can be reached when a reversible reaction has taken place in a closed system
What is equilibrium?
Equilibrium is when both reactions happen and cancel each other out
What is a reversible reaction?
A reversible reaction is where the products can react to form the reactants again
Where does equilibrium lie if there are more reactants than products in a reaction?
The equilibrium lies on the left side of the reaction if there are more reactants than products
Where does equilibrium lie if there are more products than reactants in a reaction?
The equilibrium lies on the right side of the reaction if there are more products than reactants
What happens to the concentration of a reaction at equilibrium?
Concentration doesn’t change at equilibrium
What can happen if you change the reaction conditions of a reversible reaction?
Changing the reaction conditions of reversible reactions can cause the direction to change
Where does equilibrium lie if you cool the reaction?
Cooling the reaction means the equilibrium will lie on the left side of a reaction
Where does the equilibrium lie if you heat the reaction?
Heating the reaction means the equilibrium will lie on the right side of a reaction
What will the other direction be in a reaction if one is endothermic?
If one direction of a reaction is endothermic, the other reaction will be exothermic
What does le chatelier’s principle state?
le chatelier’s principle states that if the conditions in a reversible reaction at equilibrium are changed, the system tries to counteract that change
If the temperature of a reaction increases, what will the equilibrium shift to favour?
If the temperature of a reaction increases, the equilibrium shifts to favour the endothermic direction to take in heat energy