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CHEM > Chemistry of the Atmosphere > Flashcards

Chemistry of the Atmosphere Flashcards

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1
Q

a protective blanket which nurtures life on the Earth and protects it from the hostile environment of outer space.

A

Atmosphere

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2
Q

It is generally believed that three billion or four billion years ago, Earth’s atmosphere consisted mainly of

A

Ammonia
Methane
Water

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3
Q

another important source of oxygen

A

photodecomposition of water

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3
Q

Thinnest layer of the atmosphere

A

Troposphere

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4
Q

the most active region of the atmosphere that contains 80% of the total mass of air and all of the atmosphere’s water vapor

A

troposphere

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5
Q

attempt to define a boundary between Earth’s atmosphere and outer Space

A

Kármán line

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5
Q

A layer above the troposphere which contains nitrogen, oxygen, and ozone.

A

Stratosphere

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5
Q

In this layer , the concentration of ozone and other gases is low, and the temperature decreases with increasing altitude.

A

Mesosphere

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6
Q

Uppermost region of Earth’s atmosphere as it gradually fades into the vacuum of space.

A

Exosphere

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6
Q

it absorbs a lot of the UV radiation and X-ray given off by the sun.

A

Thermosphere or ionosphere

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6
Q

Main components in the thermosphere

A

Helium
Atomic Nitrogen
Atomic Oxygen

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7
Q

Layers of the Atmosphere (Bottom - Top)

A

Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere
Exosphere

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7
Q

substance present in greater than natural concentration as a result of human activity. This has detrimental effect in the environment.

A

Pollutant

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8
Q

These are not classified as pollutants unless they have some detrimental effect and cause deviations from the normal composition of an environment.

A

Contaminants

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8
Q

it is generally the logical place to eliminate pollution.

A

source

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9
Q

It is anything that is affected by the pollutant.

A

receptor

10
Q

most abundant pollutant

A

Carbon Dioxide

11
Q

level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

A

360 parts per million

12
Q

It is one of the least reactive atmospheric hydrocarbons and is produced by diffuse sources, so that its participation in the formation of pollutant photochemical reaction products is minimal.

A

Methane

12
Q

can be a serious health threat because it prevents blood from transporting oxygen to body tissues.

A

Carbon Monoxide

13
Q

It is particularly significant in atmospheric chemistry because of its photochemical dissociation by light with a wavelength less than 430 nm to produce highly reactive O atoms.

A

Nitrogen dioxide

14
Q

it is released from underground sources as natural gas and produced by the fermentation of organic matter

A

Methane

14
Q

Most abundant hydrocarbon in the atmosphere

A

Methane

14
Q

serve as bodies for atmospheric water vapor to condense upon and are essential for the formation of rain drops.

A

Condensation nuclei

15
Q

Colloidal-sized particles in the atmosphere

A

aerosols

16
Q

formed by grinding up bulk matter

A

dispersion aerosols

17
Q

particles from chemical reactions of gases, smaller than dispersion aerosols

A

condensation aerosols

18
Q

The most widely practiced means of air pollution control.

A

removal of particulate matter from gas streams

19
Q

These consist of fabrics that allow the passage of gas but retain particulate matter.

A

Fabric filters

20
Q

These are used to collect dust in bags contained in structures called baghouses.

A

Fabric Filters

21
Q

Although simple, these are generally effective in removing particles from exhaust gas.

A

baghouses

22
Q

Collected particulate matter is removed from bags by

A
  • mechanical agitation
  • blowing air on the fabric,
  • rapid expansion and contraction of bags.
23
Q

It passes gas through a device which leads the gas stream through a converging section, throat, and diverging section.

A

venturi scrubber

23
Q

In addition to removing particles, these may serve as quenchers to cool exhaust gas, and as scrubbers for pollutant gases.

A

venturi scrubber

24
Q
A
24
Q
A
25
Q
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25
Q
A

CHEM (6 decks)

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