Chemistry- Matter

Question 1

What are the states of matter?

Answer 1

Solid, liquid and gas.

Question 2

Define volume

Answer 2

Volume is the space a substance occupies.

Question 3

What is volume measured in

Answer 3

Volume is measured in cm3 or litres.

Question 4

Define property

Answer 4

Property is how a substance or state behaves e.g volume it takes up, shape it takes

Question 5

Define compression

Answer 5

Compression is when particles are being squashed into a smaller amount of space (volume).

Question 6

Define expansion

Answer 6

Expansion is when particles move apart due to an increase in heat energy and an increase in kinetic energy, and taking up a smaller volume.

Question 7

Define “melt”

Answer 7

Solid to liquid

Question 8

Define “evaporate”

Answer 8

Liquid to gas

Question 9

Define “condense”

Answer 9

Gas to liquid

Question 10

Define “solid/freeze”

Answer 10

Liquid to solid

Question 11

Define “sublimation”

Answer 11

Solid to gas

Question 12

Define “reverse sublimation”

Answer 12

Gas to solid

Question 13

Define solid.

Answer 13

A solid is a substance which has a definite volume and shape and cannot be compressed

Question 14

Define liquid.

Answer 14

A liquid is a substance that takes the shape of the container into which it is poured. The volume of liquid can be measured, and it can’t be compressed.

Question 15

Define gas.

Answer 15

A gas does not have either a definite shape or volume, although like liquid, they can be poured into a container.

Question 16

Explain the arrangement and movement of a “solids” particles.

Answer 16

A solids particles are packed tightly into a fixed pattern and move only with tiny vibrations.

Question 17

Explain the arrangement and movement of a “liquids” particles.

Answer 17

A liquids particles are close together but not in a fixed pattern and they can move slowly about and slide past each other.

Question 18

Explain the arrangement and movement of a “gases” particles.

Answer 18

A gases particles are far apart and move quickly around each other.

Question 19

What forces are holding a gases particles together?

Answer 19

Very weak forces.

Question 20

What forces are holding a liquids particles together?

Answer 20

Weak forces

Question 21

What forces are holding a solids particles together?

Answer 21

Strong forces

Question 22

How do you calculate density?

Answer 22

Density= mass divided by volume (g/ml) (grams/militres)

Question 23

How can matter expand and contract?

Answer 23

Matter expands when heated and expands when cool because as the particles become heated they move further apart and become less dense, meaning that there are less particles in a certain amount of space compared to when the particles were cold and the particles were close together- more dense.

Question 24

What is the boiling and freezing point for water?

Answer 24

The boiling point is 100 degrees and the freezing point is 0 degrees.

Question 25

Define matter

Answer 25

Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.

Question 26

What is all matter made of?

Answer 26

Particles.

Question 27

Define diffusion

Answer 27

The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration as a result of their random motion.

Question 28

What are some examples of diffusion?

Answer 28

Air freshener, perfume, a teabag placed in hot water. Diffusion happens faster at higher temperatures.

Question 29

Explain how the steam particles change into water droplets on the window

Answer 29

Water that is present as a gas in the air cools down and changes into tiny drops of liquid water on windows. This is water leaving the vapor state in the warm air and condensing into liquid as it is cools.

Question 30

Why can running hot water over a stuck lid loosen it?

Answer 30

When heat is applied to the lid, it will expand (much faster than the glass jar), which is also called thermal expansion. This loosens the lid from the (slower expanding) jar.

Question 31

Why are spaces left between the ends of the rails when the railway lines were built?

Answer 31

When railway tracks are laid the engineers leave a small gap between two rails, because all metals expand when heated. If two railway tracks are laid together without any gap between them they will push against each other when they expand in the day time because of the heat of the sun, and pull away from each other as it gets cooler at night. This could cause serious damage to the train track.
(So, the railway engineers always leave a small gap between two rails to compensate for the expansion of the rails during the hot day time and contraction during cold nights.)