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Science Year 9 > Biology- Life Processes > Flashcards

Biology- Life Processes Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define ‘life process’

A

A process carried out by living organisms, remembered by MRS C GREN.

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2
Q

Define ‘respiration’

A

Chemical process occurring in mitochondria of cells where sugar is reacted with oxygen to make energy for life processes and waste products- water and carbon dioxide.

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3
Q

Define ‘excretion’

A

Process where an organism gets rid of waste chemicals that have been made by the body cells e.g sweating salt and water, urea in the urine

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4
Q

Define ‘nutrition’

A

Process where an organism gets gets chemical energy in food. Plants do this by photosynthesis; animals do this by eating and digesting food.

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5
Q

Define ‘cell’

A

The smallest building block of an organism.

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6
Q

Define ‘organelle’

A

Parts of a cell.

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7
Q

Define ‘mitochondria’

A

An organelle that carries out respiration.

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8
Q

Define ‘chloroplast’

A

An organelle that carries out photosynthesis.

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9
Q

Define ‘photosynthesis’

A

The process occurring in the chloroplasts where plants use sugars (chemical energy) from water and carbon dioxide using light energy.

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10
Q

Define ‘chlorophyll’

A

The green chemical in chloroplasts that traps light energy for making photosynthesis happen.

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11
Q

Define ‘starch’

A

The storage form of sugar in a plant.

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12
Q

Define ‘ingestion’

A

The process of taking food into the mouth.

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13
Q

Define ‘mechanical digestion’

A

The process of breaking up food into smaller pieces with a larger surface area - done using teeth and organ movement e.g churning of the stomach.

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14
Q

Define ‘chemical digestion’

A

The process of using chemicals called enzymes to digest large insoluble nutritions into small soluble ones.

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15
Q

Define ‘absorption’

A

The process occurring in the small intestine where digested nutrients are taken into the blood for transport around the body.

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16
Q

Define ‘egestion’

A

The process of removing undigested food from the body as faeces.

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17
Q

Define ‘villi’

A

Small projections in the small intestine that increase the surface area for absorption.

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18
Q

Define ‘capillaries’

A

Small blood vessels in the small intestine that absorbs digested nutrients.

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19
Q

What does MRS C GREN stand for?

A

Movement, Reproduction, Sensitivity.
Cells.
Growth, Respiration, Excretion, Nutrition.

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20
Q

Factors that increase the rate of photosynthesis

A
  • increased light
  • increased concentration of carbon dioxide
  • increased temperature
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21
Q

Describe the purpose of the- wide blade

A

Captures maximum sunlight

22
Q

Describe the purpose of the- wide blade (external adaption)

A

Captures maximum sunlight

23
Q

Describe the purpose of the- thin leaf (external adaption)

A

Allows maximum light penetration

24
Q

Describe the purpose of the- vein network (external adaption)

A

Supports leaf, supplies water from roots, moves sugar to plant

25
Q

Describe the purpose of the- green colour (external adaption)

A

Chlorophyll is present to trap light energy

26
Q

Describe the purpose of the- pores in leaf (external adaption)

A

Allows carbon dioxide to move in and out of the leaf

27
Q

Describe the purpose of the- waxy surface (external adaption)

A

Prevents excessive water loss

28
Q

Describe the purpose of the- strong petiole (external adaption)

A

Holds leaf up to sunlight

29
Q

Describe the purpose of the- epidermal layer cells (internal adaption)

A

Protect the leaf and also make the waxy surface, which reduces water loss

30
Q

Describe the purpose of the- palisade layer cells (internal adaption)

A

Have lots of chlorophyll for trapping sunlight energy which is used to produce sugars in the process of photosynthesis

31
Q

Describe the purpose of the- spongy layer cells (internal adaption)

A

Contains fewer chloroplasts because light is weaker, cells are well spaced out allowing gases to circulate

32
Q

Describe the purpose of the- veins (internal adaption)

A

Have xylem tube which brings water from the roots and phloem tube to carry sugars to other parts of plants

33
Q

Describe the purpose of the- guard cells (internal adaption)

A

Controls the size of the stomata pores which let gases in or out

34
Q

How do you know if a leaf contains starch?

A

The green centre will turn black, and the outside edge will stay orange/brown. The centre will turn black because it contains chlorophyll so those cells were able to absorb light energy to carry out photosynthesis and convert the sugar to starch. The rest of the leaf had no chlorophyll so it could not make starch and therefore the iodine didn’t react.

35
Q

Describe the purpose of the- root

A

To anchor the plant to the ground

36
Q

Describe the purpose of the- branch

A

To hold the leaf up to catch sunlight

37
Q

Describe the purpose of the- leaflets

A

To attach the leaf to a branch

38
Q

Describe the purpose of the- root hairs

A

To absorb water and nutrients

39
Q

Describe the purpose of the- flower

A

To attract insects for pollination

40
Q

Describe the purpose of the- leaf

A

To photosynthesise and make food

41
Q

Describe the purpose of the- seeds

A

For reproduction of the plant

42
Q

Describe the purpose of the- fruit

A

To attract animals to carry and disperse seeds

43
Q

Compare and contrast an animal and a plant cell-

A

Animal and plant cells both have a cell membrane, cytoplasm and a nucleus. Only a plant cell has cell walls, and chloroplast. An animal cell has small vacuoles while a plant cell has large vacuoles. An animal cell is round and a plant cell is rectangle.

44
Q

Define ‘growth’

A

Increases in size or change in life stages

45
Q

Define ‘movement’

A

Moving the whole part or part of an organism

46
Q

Define ‘sensitivity’

A

Able to detect and respond to environmental changes

47
Q

Define ‘reproduction’

A

Able to produce offspring

48
Q

Define ‘organism’

A

An object which carries out all of the life functions (MRS C GREN)

49
Q

Glucose

A

C6 H12 O​6

​​

50
Q

Look through the animal/plant diagrams

A

:)

51
Q

What is the chemical equation for PHOTOSYNTHESIS?

A

Carbon Dioxide + Water (Sunlight and Chlorophyll) = Glucose + Oxygen

52
Q

What is the chemical equation for RESPIRATION?

A

Glucose

Science Year 9 (7 decks)

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