Chemistry Final Flashcards
What is fission
Splitting large nuclei to form smaller, more stable nuclei
What is both nuclear radiation and electromagnetic radiation?
Gamma radiation
What are the three types of radiation?
Alpha, Beta, Gamma
What is alpha?
4 2 He
What is beta
0 -1 e
What is gamma
0 0 Y
What is a positron?
0 1 e
What is a proton for radiation?
1 1 H
What is a neutron for radiation?
1 0 n
The property of matter that determines the heat flow is the …
Temperature
Chemical energy is also known as …
Potential energy
The first law of Thermodynamics:
Energy is neither created nor destroyed
Energy is the capacity to do …
Work
How is heat energy used to generate electricity in a power plant?
Heat boils water to make steam, to drive turbine
Is the process of breaking bonds exothermic or endothermic?
Endothermic
Is the process of forming bonds exothermic or endothermic?
Exothermic
What occurs at the anode?
Oxidation
What occurs at the cathode?
Reduction
What is distillation?
Separate different liquids from each other
Are intramolecular bonds or intermolecular bonds stronger?
Intramolecular
What is air mostly composed of?
N2 and O2
Are we in the troposphere or the stratosphere?
Troposhpere
Electrolysis is a process that
Requires an electrical current to decompose water to hydrogen and oxygen
In a lithium-ion battery, lithium ions move between anode and cathode in an …
Organic electrolyte
What is electronegativity?
Measure of the attraction of an atom for an electron in a chemical bond
What is a nonpolar covalent bond?
Covalent bond in which the electrons are shared equally
What three atoms can a hydrogen bond bond to?
O, N, F
What is specific heat?
Heat energy that must be absorbed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius
What is a solution?
Homogeneous mixture of a solvent and one or more solutes
What is an aqueous solution?
Solution where water is the solvent
If you take the same volume, 1-M solutions all have the same amount of …
Molecules
What is an electrolyte?
Solute that conducts electricity in an aqueous solution
What is a surfactant?
Compounds that help polar and nonpolar compounds mix
What is an acid?
Compound that releases H+ ions in an aqueous solution
What is a base?
Compound that releases hydoxide (OH-) ions in an aqueous solution
What is a conjugate acid?
Species formed by adding a proton to a base
What is a conjugate base?
Species formed by removing a proton from an acid
What are the values of the pH scale?
0-14
Hydrogen bonds are relatively strong …
Intermolecular bonds
What are London Dispersion Forces?
Weakest intermolecular force. Responsible for the formation of solids
What are Arrhenius strong bases?
Include all hydroxides of Group 1 and Group 2 metals except Be
What are the products of any combustion reaction?
CO2 and H2O
