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Ethans Flashcards > Chemistry 2C Ligands and Compounds > Flashcards

Chemistry 2C Ligands and Compounds Flashcards

1
Q

Nitrate

A

NO3-

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2
Q

Ammonia

A

NH3

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3
Q

Ammonium

A

NH4

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4
Q

H2O

A

aqua

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5
Q

NH3

A

ammine

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6
Q

CO

A

Carbonyl

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7
Q

CH3NH2

A

methylamine

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8
Q

NO

A

nitrosyl

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9
Q

C5H5N

A

pyridine

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10
Q

F-

A

fluoro

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11
Q

Cl-

A

chloro

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12
Q

Br-

A

bromo

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13
Q

I-

A

iodo

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14
Q

O(2-)

A

oxo

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15
Q

OH-

A

hydroxo

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16
Q

CN-

A

cyano

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17
Q

SO4(2-)

A

sulfato

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18
Q

S2O3(2-)

A

thiosulfato

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19
Q

NO2(-)

A

nitrito/nitro

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20
Q

ONO-

A

nitrito

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21
Q

SCN-

A

thiocyanato

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22
Q

NCS-

A

isothiocyanato

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23
Q

NH2CH2CH2NH2

A

ethylenediamine(en)

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24
Q

C2O4(2-)

A

oxalato(ox)

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25
Q

C10H16N2O8(4-)

A

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)

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26
Q

(NH2CH2CH2)2NH

A

diethylenetriamine (dien)

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27
Q

Fac

A

3 atoms, 90 degrees

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28
Q

mer

A

3 atoms, 90 and 180

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29
Q

High spin

A

unpaired electrons is maximized, small delta oct, weak field ligand

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30
Q

low spin

A

unpaired electrons is minimized, big delta oct, strong field ligand

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31
Q

Cutoff for weak field ligands

A

H2O

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32
Q

Cutoff for strong field ligands

A

SCN-

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33
Q

More unpaired electrons leads corresponds to ___ magnetic properties

A

stronger

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34
Q

Paramagnetic substances are attracted to…

A

magnetic fields

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35
Q

transition metals are para/diaagnetic?

A

paramagnetic

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36
Q

maximum absorbance corresponds to…

A

delta oct

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37
Q

octahedral CFT

A

3 bottom 2 top

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38
Q

tetrahedral CFT

A

2 bottom 3 top (Always high spin)

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39
Q

Square planar CFT

A

2 bottom, 1-1-1

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40
Q

Linear CFT

A

2-2-1

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41
Q

High absorbance vs low absorbance

A

ROYGBIV

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42
Q

EDTA makes ___ bonds with ___ charge

A

6; 4-

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43
Q

Bond angles with octahedral

A

90, 180

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44
Q

Bond angles with CN 4

A

90,109.5,180

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45
Q

en bonds through the…

A

nitrogens

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46
Q

When is a structure achiral?

A

When there are mirror planes

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47
Q

diamagnetic

A

all electrons are paired

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48
Q

paramagnetic

A

unpaired electrons exist

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49
Q

What are chelating agents?

A

Help bind or isolate metal by making 2+ connections to it

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50
Q

Stereoisomers:

A

Same atoms, same connectivity

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51
Q

What are the two subsections of stereoisomers?

A

Geometric (cis and trans ; fac and mer)
Optical/chiral (same arrangement but different molecule

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52
Q

Square planar is not…

A

3D

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53
Q

Optical isomers will have…

A

similar properties but interact differently with polarized light

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54
Q

Structural isomers are…

A

complexes with the same atoms but different connectivity

55
Q

Linkage isomer:

A

Same ligand, bonded through different molecules

56
Q

Ionization isomers:

A

Ligand and counter ion switch places

57
Q

Coordination isomers:

A

Different metal, same everything else

58
Q

The structural isomers are…

A

linkage, ionization, coordination`

59
Q

If chiral, optical isomer:

A

Is mirrored

60
Q

Why do the 4d and 5d atoms have similar sizes?

A

Lanthanide contraction and poor shielding from f orbital

61
Q

Trends of atomic radius

A

Increases down left

62
Q

Trends of electronegativity

A

Increases up right

63
Q

Trends of metallic character

A

Increases down left

64
Q

What is special about alkali metals?

A

Highly reactive. React with water to make H2 gas. Form oxides, peroxides, and superoxides

65
Q

Oxides:

A

O(2-)

66
Q

Peroxides

A

O2(2-)

67
Q

Superoxides

A

O2(-)

68
Q

What is special about Li?

A

Important for current battery technology

69
Q

Why is hydrogen not super abundant on Earth?

A

Super light and escapes Earth’s gravity

70
Q

What is special about Alkaline Earth Metals?

A

Low densities, melting and boiling points, and solubility. Form basic oxides

71
Q

What is special about Be?

A

Smaller, harder, higher melting point, high ionization energy, less reactive

72
Q

What is special about Mg and Ca?

A

Biologically important. Lower solubility

73
Q

What is special about Ba

A

Toxic, absorbs X-rays, not very soluble. Useful tool for gastromedicine

74
Q

What is special about Ra?

A

Radioactive

75
Q

M+X2 –>

A

MXy

76
Q

M+H2–>

A

MHy

77
Q

M+O2–>

A

MxOy

78
Q

M+N2–>

A

M3Ny

79
Q

MxNy + H20–>

A

xM(OH)y + yNH3

80
Q

M+H2O–>

A

M(OH)y or M(OH)y + H2

81
Q

MxOy+H2O–>

A

M(OH)y or M(OH)y + H2

82
Q

MxCy +H2O–>

A

M(OH)y + CH4

83
Q

Reactions with water produce…

A

metal hydroxides

84
Q

Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) is the basis for…

A

various precious gems

85
Q

What is special about B?

A

Not a metal. Supports 6 valence electrons. Similar chemistry to Si

86
Q

What is special about Ga?

A

Higher density liquid. Low melting point

87
Q

What is special about C?

A

Can form pi bonds. Allotropes: Diamond, graphite, fullerenes

88
Q

What is special about Si?

A

Si-O bonds stronger than Si-Si. Basis for geological world

89
Q

What is special about Ge?

A

Rare semiconductors

90
Q

What is special about Sn?

A

Soft metal. Allotropes: White tin, Grey tin, Brittle tin

91
Q

What is special about group 14?

A

Common O.S.: +2,+4. (C and Si -4). Can form 4 covalent bonds with nonmetals

92
Q

What is special about Pb?

A

Soft, toxic, low melting point

93
Q

What is special about N?

A

Stable or highly reactive. Can form pi bonds. Important for DNA

94
Q

What is special about P?

A

Larger, d-orbitals available for electrons

95
Q

What is special about As?

A

Toxic, semi-metal

96
Q

What is special about Bi?

A

Heavy, good substitute for lead

97
Q

What is special about S?

A

Bad smell, many uses, over 30 allotropes

98
Q

What is special about Po?

A

Radioactive, lethal, present in tobacco

99
Q

Group 17 are…

A

halogens

100
Q

Halogens are special because…

A

They are only found diatomic. Do not exist monoatomic

101
Q

With oxygen, halogens form…

A

oxyacids (HClO, HClO2)

102
Q

Group 18 are…

A

Noble gases

103
Q

Noble gases are special because…

A

Low reactivity, colorless, odorless, low melting and boiling point

104
Q

He is special because…

A

does not form compounds. Escapes atmosphere

105
Q

Ne is special because…

A

Forms no compounds

106
Q

Ar is special because…

A

major component of air. Forms some compounds

107
Q

Kr and Xe are special because…

A

Many stable compounds possible and expanded octets

108
Q

Scandium

A

Common O.S.: +3
Similar chemistry to Mg
No d-electrons in ions
Colorless and diamagnetic
Lamps, aluminum alloys

109
Q

Titanium

A

Common O.S.: +4
Similar chemistry to C and Si
Strong, very light, great for bicycle frames and airplanes

110
Q

Vanadium

A

Common O.S.: +5
used in alloys to strengthen metals
Toxic

111
Q

Niobium and Tantalum

A

Names after greek mythology

112
Q

Chromium

A

Common O.S.: 0,+3,+4,+6

113
Q

Molybdenum and Tungsten

A

Important for pigments and enzymes
High melting point

114
Q

Manganese

A

Most oxidation states of first row transition metals
Always in ore
used as a catalyst is batteries

115
Q

Technetium

A

Lightest radioactive element, only man made

116
Q

Iron

A

Possible O.S.: +2 - +6
Most common O.S.: +2, +3
Most common element on Earth by mass and very important for civilization

117
Q

Cobalt

A

Rare to find pure

118
Q

Rhodium

A

Hard, corrosion resistant, rare

119
Q

Iridium

A

Rare, much comes from archaeologist to develop theories of when asteroids hit Earth

120
Q

Nickel

A

Stable, less reactive
Good catalysts
Coins, batteries, corrosion preventer

121
Q

Platinum

A

Rare, unreactive, corrosion resistant

122
Q

Copper

A

Excellent conductor, durable
Alloys: Cu/Sn (Bronze) ; Cu/Zn (Brass)

123
Q

Silver

A

Highest thermal conductivity, electrical conductibility, and reflectivity

124
Q

Gold

A

Very unreactive
Most malleable

125
Q

Zinc

A

Corrosion resistant. Toxic

126
Q

Cadmium

A

Toxic. Common O.S: +2. Used in batteries

127
Q

Mercury

A

Only metal that is liquid at room temp

128
Q

How would transition metal ions be classified using the Lewis definition of acids and bases?

A

Acids

129
Q

Which ligands are capable of linkage isomerism?

A

SCN-, SO3(2-), OCN-

130
Q

Lanthanides

A

elements have similar chemistry to each other
highly reactive with halogens and chalcogens
Low toxicity

131
Q

Actinides

A

All are radioactive and paramagnetic
Similar properties to lanthanides

132
Q

When will a tetrahedral compound be an optical isomer?

A

When all 4 ligands are different

133
Q

When will an octahedral compound be an optical isomer?

A

All 6 ligands are different
Only 2 monodentate ligands are the same and are cis
Only 3 monodentate ligands are the same and they are fac
3 cis pairs
3 bidentate ligands
2 bidentate ligands in cis position

134
Q

What two alkaline earth metals contribute to hard water?

A

Mg and Ca

Ethans Flashcards (11 decks)

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