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Ethans Flashcards > Chemistry 2C Ligands and Compounds > Flashcards

Chemistry 2C Ligands and Compounds Flashcards

1
Q

Nitrate

A

NO3-

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2
Q

Ammonia

A

NH3

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3
Q

Ammonium

A

NH4

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4
Q

H2O

A

aqua

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5
Q

NH3

A

ammine

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6
Q

CO

A

Carbonyl

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7
Q

CH3NH2

A

methylamine

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8
Q

NO

A

nitrosyl

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9
Q

C5H5N

A

pyridine

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10
Q

F-

A

fluoro

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11
Q

Cl-

A

chloro

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12
Q

Br-

A

bromo

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13
Q

I-

A

iodo

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14
Q

O(2-)

A

oxo

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15
Q

OH-

A

hydroxo

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16
Q

CN-

A

cyano

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17
Q

SO4(2-)

A

sulfato

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18
Q

S2O3(2-)

A

thiosulfato

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19
Q

NO2(-)

A

nitrito/nitro

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20
Q

ONO-

A

nitrito

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21
Q

SCN-

A

thiocyanato

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22
Q

NCS-

A

isothiocyanato

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23
Q

NH2CH2CH2NH2

A

ethylenediamine(en)

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24
Q

C2O4(2-)

A

oxalato(ox)

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25
C10H16N2O8(4-)
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)
26
(NH2CH2CH2)2NH
diethylenetriamine (dien)
27
Fac
3 atoms, 90 degrees
28
mer
3 atoms, 90 and 180
29
High spin
unpaired electrons is maximized, small delta oct, weak field ligand
30
low spin
unpaired electrons is minimized, big delta oct, strong field ligand
31
Cutoff for weak field ligands
H2O
32
Cutoff for strong field ligands
SCN-
33
More unpaired electrons leads corresponds to ___ magnetic properties
stronger
34
Paramagnetic substances are attracted to...
magnetic fields
35
transition metals are para/diaagnetic?
paramagnetic
36
maximum absorbance corresponds to...
delta oct
37
octahedral CFT
3 bottom 2 top
38
tetrahedral CFT
2 bottom 3 top (Always high spin)
39
Square planar CFT
2 bottom, 1-1-1
40
Linear CFT
2-2-1
41
High absorbance vs low absorbance
ROYGBIV
42
EDTA makes ___ bonds with ___ charge
6; 4-
43
Bond angles with octahedral
90, 180
44
Bond angles with CN 4
90,109.5,180
45
en bonds through the...
nitrogens
46
When is a structure achiral?
When there are mirror planes
47
diamagnetic
all electrons are paired
48
paramagnetic
unpaired electrons exist
49
What are chelating agents?
Help bind or isolate metal by making 2+ connections to it
50
Stereoisomers:
Same atoms, same connectivity
51
What are the two subsections of stereoisomers?
Geometric (cis and trans ; fac and mer) Optical/chiral (same arrangement but different molecule
52
Square planar is not...
3D
53
Optical isomers will have...
similar properties but interact differently with polarized light
54
Structural isomers are...
complexes with the same atoms but different connectivity
55
Linkage isomer:
Same ligand, bonded through different molecules
56
Ionization isomers:
Ligand and counter ion switch places
57
Coordination isomers:
Different metal, same everything else
58
The structural isomers are...
linkage, ionization, coordination`
59
If chiral, optical isomer:
Is mirrored
60
Why do the 4d and 5d atoms have similar sizes?
Lanthanide contraction and poor shielding from f orbital
61
Trends of atomic radius
Increases down left
62
Trends of electronegativity
Increases up right
63
Trends of metallic character
Increases down left
64
What is special about alkali metals?
Highly reactive. React with water to make H2 gas. Form oxides, peroxides, and superoxides
65
Oxides:
O(2-)
66
Peroxides
O2(2-)
67
Superoxides
O2(-)
68
What is special about Li?
Important for current battery technology
69
Why is hydrogen not super abundant on Earth?
Super light and escapes Earth's gravity
70
What is special about Alkaline Earth Metals?
Low densities, melting and boiling points, and solubility. Form basic oxides
71
What is special about Be?
Smaller, harder, higher melting point, high ionization energy, less reactive
72
What is special about Mg and Ca?
Biologically important. Lower solubility
73
What is special about Ba
Toxic, absorbs X-rays, not very soluble. Useful tool for gastromedicine
74
What is special about Ra?
Radioactive
75
M+X2 -->
MXy
76
M+H2-->
MHy
77
M+O2-->
MxOy
78
M+N2-->
M3Ny
79
MxNy + H20-->
xM(OH)y + yNH3
80
M+H2O-->
M(OH)y or M(OH)y + H2
81
MxOy+H2O-->
M(OH)y or M(OH)y + H2
82
MxCy +H2O-->
M(OH)y + CH4
83
Reactions with water produce...
metal hydroxides
84
Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) is the basis for...
various precious gems
85
What is special about B?
Not a metal. Supports 6 valence electrons. Similar chemistry to Si
86
What is special about Ga?
Higher density liquid. Low melting point
87
What is special about C?
Can form pi bonds. Allotropes: Diamond, graphite, fullerenes
88
What is special about Si?
Si-O bonds stronger than Si-Si. Basis for geological world
89
What is special about Ge?
Rare semiconductors
90
What is special about Sn?
Soft metal. Allotropes: White tin, Grey tin, Brittle tin
91
What is special about group 14?
Common O.S.: +2,+4. (C and Si -4). Can form 4 covalent bonds with nonmetals
92
What is special about Pb?
Soft, toxic, low melting point
93
What is special about N?
Stable or highly reactive. Can form pi bonds. Important for DNA
94
What is special about P?
Larger, d-orbitals available for electrons
95
What is special about As?
Toxic, semi-metal
96
What is special about Bi?
Heavy, good substitute for lead
97
What is special about S?
Bad smell, many uses, over 30 allotropes
98
What is special about Po?
Radioactive, lethal, present in tobacco
99
Group 17 are...
halogens
100
Halogens are special because...
They are only found diatomic. Do not exist monoatomic
101
With oxygen, halogens form...
oxyacids (HClO, HClO2)
102
Group 18 are...
Noble gases
103
Noble gases are special because...
Low reactivity, colorless, odorless, low melting and boiling point
104
He is special because...
does not form compounds. Escapes atmosphere
105
Ne is special because...
Forms no compounds
106
Ar is special because...
major component of air. Forms some compounds
107
Kr and Xe are special because...
Many stable compounds possible and expanded octets
108
Scandium
Common O.S.: +3 Similar chemistry to Mg No d-electrons in ions Colorless and diamagnetic Lamps, aluminum alloys
109
Titanium
Common O.S.: +4 Similar chemistry to C and Si Strong, very light, great for bicycle frames and airplanes
110
Vanadium
Common O.S.: +5 used in alloys to strengthen metals Toxic
111
Niobium and Tantalum
Names after greek mythology
112
Chromium
Common O.S.: 0,+3,+4,+6
113
Molybdenum and Tungsten
Important for pigments and enzymes High melting point
114
Manganese
Most oxidation states of first row transition metals Always in ore used as a catalyst is batteries
115
Technetium
Lightest radioactive element, only man made
116
Iron
Possible O.S.: +2 - +6 Most common O.S.: +2, +3 Most common element on Earth by mass and very important for civilization
117
Cobalt
Rare to find pure
118
Rhodium
Hard, corrosion resistant, rare
119
Iridium
Rare, much comes from archaeologist to develop theories of when asteroids hit Earth
120
Nickel
Stable, less reactive Good catalysts Coins, batteries, corrosion preventer
121
Platinum
Rare, unreactive, corrosion resistant
122
Copper
Excellent conductor, durable Alloys: Cu/Sn (Bronze) ; Cu/Zn (Brass)
123
Silver
Highest thermal conductivity, electrical conductibility, and reflectivity
124
Gold
Very unreactive Most malleable
125
Zinc
Corrosion resistant. Toxic
126
Cadmium
Toxic. Common O.S: +2. Used in batteries
127
Mercury
Only metal that is liquid at room temp
128
How would transition metal ions be classified using the Lewis definition of acids and bases?
Acids
129
Which ligands are capable of linkage isomerism?
SCN-, SO3(2-), OCN-
130
Lanthanides
elements have similar chemistry to each other highly reactive with halogens and chalcogens Low toxicity
131
Actinides
All are radioactive and paramagnetic Similar properties to lanthanides
132
When will a tetrahedral compound be an optical isomer?
When all 4 ligands are different
133
When will an octahedral compound be an optical isomer?
All 6 ligands are different Only 2 monodentate ligands are the same and are cis Only 3 monodentate ligands are the same and they are fac 3 cis pairs 3 bidentate ligands 2 bidentate ligands in cis position
134
What two alkaline earth metals contribute to hard water?
Mg and Ca

Ethans Flashcards (11 decks)

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