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Ethans Flashcards > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Matter

A

Anything that has mass and occupies space

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2
Q

What are the 4 states of matter?

A

Liquids, Solids, Gas, and Plasma

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3
Q

What is a homogeneous mixture?

A

The mixing of two pure substances; uniform

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4
Q

What is a heterogeneous mixture?

A

When the composition of the mixture is not uniform

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5
Q

An element is composed of…

A

Atoms of the same type

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6
Q

A compound is…

A

A pure substance made of 2+ types of atoms

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7
Q

What is a molecule formed by?

A

Connecting two or more nonmetal atoms

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8
Q

Vertical columns on the Periodic Table are called…

A

Groups

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9
Q

Group 1 are…

A

Alkali metals

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10
Q

Group 2 are…

A

Alkaline earth metals

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11
Q

Group 15 are…

A

Pnictogens

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12
Q

Group 16 are…

A

Chalcogens

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13
Q

Group 17 are…

A

Halogens

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14
Q

Group 18 are…

A

Noble gases

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15
Q

Non-miscible:

A

Heterogeneous mixture of 2+ liquids (Water and oil)

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16
Q

Rows in the Periodic Table are called:

A

Periods

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17
Q

Metal+nonmetal=

A

Ionic Compound

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18
Q

Nonmetal+nonmetal=

A

Covalent/molecular compound

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19
Q

3000 in scientific notation is…

A

3 x 10^3

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20
Q

Atomic number tells us…

A

How many protons an element contains

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21
Q

Physical Changes

A

Changing color, Melting point, Boiling Point, Density

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22
Q

Chemical Changes

A

Transforms into another substance, Flammability, Corrosiveness

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23
Q

What determines the composition of a substance?

A

Atoms and Particles

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24
Q

What elements are gases?

A

N2, O2, Ar and 8 more

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25
Q

What two elements are liquid?

A

Br2 and Hg

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26
Q

Minerals are…

A

Chemical Compounds found in rocks and soil

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27
Q

Definition of a Mixture

A

Combination of pure substances including atoms, elements, and compounds

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28
Q

What are the five regions of Earth’s atmosphere?

A

Exosphere, Thermosphere, Mesosphere, Stratosphere, and Troposphere

29
Q

Equal volumes of gases contain equal numbers of atoms or molecules, as long as the samples are at the same and

A

temperature and pressure

30
Q

When naming a compound composed of two nonmetals, the number of atoms of each element is indicated by a Greek numerical…

A

prefix

31
Q

What is combustion

A

Process in which a substance burns in oxygen

32
Q

Risk Assessment is…

A

Evaluating scientific data and making predictions about an outcome

33
Q

Different forms of the same element (such as O2 and O3) are called…

A

Allotropes

34
Q

Hydrocarbons are commonly used as…

A

Fuel

35
Q

Organic compounds always contains the element…

A

carbon

36
Q

The set of principles used to design environmentally friendly chemical products and/or processes is called chemistry.

A

green

37
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

Electrons shared between two atoms

38
Q

What is an ionic bond?

A

Transfer of electrons to make ionic compound stable

39
Q

What are Lewis Structures?

A

Representation of molecules demonstrating share of electrons

40
Q

With an increase in bond length, bond energy:

A

decreases

41
Q

How is bond order calculated for one atom?

A

Amount of bonds

42
Q

How is bond order calculated for two or more atoms?

A

Total number of bonds divided by number of bond groups

43
Q

Higher bond order means…

A

Greater stability

44
Q

What atmosphere is ozone most commonly found?

A

Stratosphere

45
Q

Highest to lowest energy of UV radiation

A

UV-C, UV-B, UV-A

46
Q

Which UV Radiation reaches Earth’s surface?

A

UV-A

47
Q

What units are used to measure the concentration of ozone in the atmosphere?

A

Dobson Units

48
Q

Number of wavelengths in a period of time is

A

Frequency

49
Q

Wavelength and frequency are proportional

A

inversely

50
Q

Energy and wavelength are proportional

A

inversely

51
Q

Ozone is more/less reactive than oxygen

A

More

52
Q

Extensive Properties vs Intensive Properties

A

Extensive properties depend upon the amount of matter in a sample, intensive properties do not

53
Q

What is malleability?

A

Physical property of metal of being capable of being extended or shaped by a hammer

54
Q

What is corrosion?

A

Natural process that converts a metal to an oxide. (Rust)

55
Q

What is ductility?

A

Physical property of a material being able to stretch without being broken

56
Q

Density and volume are proportional

A

Inversely

57
Q

How is the central atom of a Lewis Structure determined?

A

Lowest subscript
If all the same, the atom with the lowest electronegativity is the central atom

58
Q

How is electronegativity determined?

A

Up and right is higher electronegativity
Down and left is lower electronegativity
Group 18 does NOT count

59
Q

What element has the highest electronegativity?

A

Fluorine

60
Q

What element has the lowest electronegativity?

A

Francium

61
Q

A molecule that always contains carbon and may contain hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen is called a(n)

A

Organic compound

62
Q

In a balanced equation, do the number of atoms or number of molecules need to be the same?

A

Atoms

63
Q

Equal volumes of molecular gases (such as N2 or O2) at a given temperature and pressure will always

A

Contain an equal number of molecules

64
Q

Ozone can effect

A

lungs and crops

65
Q

Which color of visible light will have the lowest energy photons?

A

Red

66
Q

In general ozone (O3) is much _____ reactive than oxygen (O2).

A

more

67
Q

Polyatomic ions are found in bonds

A

Ionic

68
Q

An
agent is needed for combustion, alongside a fuel and ignition source.

A

Oxidizing

Ethans Flashcards (11 decks)

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