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SCIENCE GCSE > Chemistry CT2 > Flashcards

Chemistry CT2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three main acids?

A

Hydrochloric acid
Nitric acid
Sulfuric acid

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2
Q

What do all acids need to have?

A

H+ ion

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3
Q

What does a strong acid do?

A

It fully dissociated.

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4
Q

What is the chemical symbol for hydrochloric acid?

A

HCl

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5
Q

What is the chemical symbol for sulfuric acid?

A

H2SO4

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6
Q

What is the chemical symbol for nitric acid?

A

HNO3

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7
Q

What ions are in hydrochloric acid?

A

H+ and Cl-

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8
Q

What ions are in sulfuric acid?

A

2H+ and SO4-2

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9
Q

What ions are in nitric acid?

A

H+ and NO-3

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10
Q

What colour does litmus go in an acid?

A

Red

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11
Q

What colour does litmus go in an alkali?

A

Blue

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12
Q

What colour does methyl orange go in an acid?

A

Red

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13
Q

What colour does methyl orange go in an alkali?

A

Yellow

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14
Q

What colour does Phenolphthalein go in an acid?

A

colourless

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15
Q

What colour does phenolphthalein go in an alkali?

A

Pink

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16
Q

What are the units for concentration?

A

gdm-3

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17
Q

What is the formula for concentration?

A

mass/volume

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18
Q

What are the units for mass?

A

g

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19
Q

What are the units for volume?

A

dm3

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20
Q

What number does the pH scale go to?

A

14

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21
Q

What is the concentration of H+ ions at a pH of 0?

A

MASSIVE

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22
Q

What is the concentration of H+ ions at a pH of 14?

A

Negligible/ almost zero

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23
Q

What is a pH meter/probe?

A

Digital version of an indicator and is more accurate

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24
Q

To go from pH 1 to 2 what do i do?

A

divide by 10

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25
Q

To go from pH 2 to 1 what do I do?

A

x10

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26
Q

What do bases do in an acid?

A

neutralises

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27
Q

What happens if an alkali is a base?

A

it can be dissolved in water

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28
Q

What are the top 3 alkalis?

A

Sodium hydroxide
Potassium hydroxide
Calcium hydroxide

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29
Q

What is the chemical formula for sodium hydroxide?

A

NaOH

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30
Q

What is the chemical formula for potassium hydroxide?

A

KOH

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31
Q

What is the chemical formula for calcium hydroxide?

A

Ca(OH)2

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32
Q

What are the apparatus for preparing a soluble salt practical?

A
  • conical flask
    -beaker
    -bunsen burner
    -gauze and tripod
    -heat mat
    -petri dish
    -evaporating basin
    -stirring rod
    -measuring cylinder
    -filter funnel/paper
    -water bath (set at 50 degrees)
    -dilute sulfuric acid
    -copper oxide
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33
Q

What is the 1 step in the preparing a soluble salt practical?

A

Pour 20cm3 of dilute sulfuric acid into a conical flask

34
Q

What is the 2 step in the preparing a soluble salt practical?

A

Place the conical flask into a water bath and heat for 3-4 mins to allow the acid to heat up

35
Q

What is the 3 step in the preparing a soluble salt practical?

A

Use the spatula to add a little copper oxide to the acid and stir or swirl the contents of the flask.

36
Q

What is the 4 step in the preparing a soluble salt practical?

A

Keep repeating the 3 step until the black powder does not disappear after stirring.

37
Q

What is the 5 step in the preparing a soluble salt practical?

A

Return he mixture to the water bath for a few mins.

38
Q

What is the 6 step in the preparing a soluble salt practical?

A

Filter the mixture into a beaker and pour into an evaporating basin.

39
Q

What is the 7 step in the preparing a soluble salt practical?

A

Place the basin on top of a beaker half full of water. Heat the beaker using a bunsen burner on a blue flame

40
Q

What is the 8 step in the preparing a soluble salt practical?

A

Heat until about half of the water has evaporated. Then allow the basin to cool.

41
Q

What is the 9 step in the preparing a soluble salt practical?

A

When cool, transfer the solution to a petri dish and leave for a few days.

42
Q

What is the 1 general equation?

A

Acid + metal = salt + hydrogen gas

43
Q

What is the 2 general equation?

A

Acid + base = salt + water

44
Q

What is the 3 general equation?

A

Acid + alkali = salt + water

45
Q

What is the 4 general equation?

A

Acid + metal carbonate = salt + water + carbon dioxide

46
Q

How to test for hydrogen?

A

Lit splint goes squeaky pop

47
Q

How to test for carbon dioxide?

A

Bubble through lime water, turns cloudy

48
Q

How to test for oxygen?

A

glowing splint relights

49
Q

How to test for chlorine?

A

damp blue litmus paper turns red then bleaches white.

50
Q

How to test for ammonia?

A

damp red litmus paper turns blue

51
Q

What charge does group 1 have?

A

+1

52
Q

What charge does group 2 have?

A

+2

53
Q

What charge does group 3 have?

A

+3

54
Q

Define solubility?

A

a precipitation reaction in which soluble substances in solutions cause an insoluble precipitation to form

55
Q

What does solutions of lead nitrate and sodium chloride react to form?

A

Soluble sodium nitrate and a white precipitate of lead chloride

56
Q

What do the state symbols in a balanced equations show?

A

Which substances are soluble and which are not

57
Q

Where is the formulae of the ions that react together to form the precipitate are shown on which side?

A

left

58
Q

Where is the formulae of the precipitate shown on which side?

A

right

59
Q

What is the ionic equation for the formation of lead chloride?

A

Pb2+ + 2Cl- = PbCl2

60
Q

What is it called when the sodium and nitrate ions do not change?

A

spectator ions

61
Q

What are all salts?

A

ionic

62
Q

What happens when two solutions containing soluble salts react together?

A

the ions from the salts swap

63
Q

What is the products of:
copper sulphate + potassium carbonate =

A

copper carbonate+ potassium sulphate

64
Q

What happens to the precipitate if both products are soluble?

A

no precipitate will form

65
Q

What is the first step in making CuSO4 crystals?

A

-sulfuric acid (warm) (colourless) in a beaker then add CuO (black solid powder form)

66
Q

What is the second step in making CuSO4 crystals?

A

-solution turned blue, add CuO in excess- saw black solid at bottom of beaker

67
Q

What is the third step in making CuSO4 crystals?

A

-FILTER excess CuO black-solid and transferred the solution to evaporating basin

68
Q

What is the fourth step in making CuSO4 crystals?

A

-Use a water bath, evaporate SOME water to concentrate solution

69
Q

What is the fifth step in making CuSO4 crystals?

A

-Cool crystals and dry them in a WARM oven

70
Q

What is the first step in neutralising an acid practical? Ca(OH)2 to HCL

A
  • record pH of HCL in beaker then add 0.3g of Ca(OH)2 and record the pH
71
Q

What is the second step in neutralising an acid practical? Ca(OH)2 to HCL

A

-Keep adding 0.3g of Ca(OH)2 and stir with glass rod to the beaker and record pH

72
Q

What is the third step in neutralising an acid practical? Ca(OH)2 to HCL

A

-Keep adding Ca(OH)2 until in excess

73
Q

What is the fourth step in neutralising an acid practical? Ca(OH)2 to HCL

A

-draw a graph of pH versus mass of Ca(OH)2

74
Q

What could we use to make the pH reading more accurate?

A

pH probe/meter

75
Q

What solutions are soluble?

A

-all nitrates
-ammonium, potassium and sodium
-all chloride except some
-all sulfates except some

76
Q

What solutions are insoluble?

A

-Lead sulfate, calcium sulfate and barium sulfate
-all carbonates
-all hydroxide

77
Q

define precipitation reactions?

A

they form a product that is solid, from two soluble reactions

78
Q

chemical symbol for carbonate

A

CO3 -2

79
Q

chemical symbol for nitrate

A

NO3 -

80
Q

chemical symbol for hydroxide

A

OH -

81
Q

chemical symbol for chloride

A

Cl -

82
Q

chemical symbol for sulfate

A

SO4 2-

SCIENCE GCSE (8 decks)

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