Chemistry CT2 Flashcards
1
Q
What are the three main acids?
A
Hydrochloric acid
Nitric acid
Sulfuric acid
2
Q
What do all acids need to have?
A
H+ ion
3
Q
What does a strong acid do?
A
It fully dissociated.
4
Q
What is the chemical symbol for hydrochloric acid?
A
HCl
5
Q
What is the chemical symbol for sulfuric acid?
A
H2SO4
6
Q
What is the chemical symbol for nitric acid?
A
HNO3
7
Q
What ions are in hydrochloric acid?
A
H+ and Cl-
8
Q
What ions are in sulfuric acid?
A
2H+ and SO4-2
9
Q
What ions are in nitric acid?
A
H+ and NO-3
10
Q
What colour does litmus go in an acid?
A
Red
11
Q
What colour does litmus go in an alkali?
A
Blue
12
Q
What colour does methyl orange go in an acid?
A
Red
13
Q
What colour does methyl orange go in an alkali?
A
Yellow
14
Q
What colour does Phenolphthalein go in an acid?
A
colourless
15
Q
What colour does phenolphthalein go in an alkali?
A
Pink
16
Q
What are the units for concentration?
A
gdm-3
17
Q
What is the formula for concentration?
A
mass/volume
18
Q
What are the units for mass?
A
g
19
Q
What are the units for volume?
A
dm3
20
Q
What number does the pH scale go to?
A
14
21
Q
What is the concentration of H+ ions at a pH of 0?
A
MASSIVE
22
Q
What is the concentration of H+ ions at a pH of 14?
A
Negligible/ almost zero
23
Q
What is a pH meter/probe?
A
Digital version of an indicator and is more accurate
24
Q
To go from pH 1 to 2 what do i do?
A
divide by 10
25
To go from pH 2 to 1 what do I do?
x10
26
What do bases do in an acid?
neutralises
27
What happens if an alkali is a base?
it can be dissolved in water
28
What are the top 3 alkalis?
Sodium hydroxide
Potassium hydroxide
Calcium hydroxide
29
What is the chemical formula for sodium hydroxide?
NaOH
30
What is the chemical formula for potassium hydroxide?
KOH
31
What is the chemical formula for calcium hydroxide?
Ca(OH)2
32
What are the apparatus for preparing a soluble salt practical?
- conical flask
-beaker
-bunsen burner
-gauze and tripod
-heat mat
-petri dish
-evaporating basin
-stirring rod
-measuring cylinder
-filter funnel/paper
-water bath (set at 50 degrees)
-dilute sulfuric acid
-copper oxide
33
What is the 1 step in the preparing a soluble salt practical?
Pour 20cm3 of dilute sulfuric acid into a conical flask
34
What is the 2 step in the preparing a soluble salt practical?
Place the conical flask into a water bath and heat for 3-4 mins to allow the acid to heat up
35
What is the 3 step in the preparing a soluble salt practical?
Use the spatula to add a little copper oxide to the acid and stir or swirl the contents of the flask.
36
What is the 4 step in the preparing a soluble salt practical?
Keep repeating the 3 step until the black powder does not disappear after stirring.
37
What is the 5 step in the preparing a soluble salt practical?
Return he mixture to the water bath for a few mins.
38
What is the 6 step in the preparing a soluble salt practical?
Filter the mixture into a beaker and pour into an evaporating basin.
39
What is the 7 step in the preparing a soluble salt practical?
Place the basin on top of a beaker half full of water. Heat the beaker using a bunsen burner on a blue flame
40
What is the 8 step in the preparing a soluble salt practical?
Heat until about half of the water has evaporated. Then allow the basin to cool.
41
What is the 9 step in the preparing a soluble salt practical?
When cool, transfer the solution to a petri dish and leave for a few days.
42
What is the 1 general equation?
Acid + metal = salt + hydrogen gas
43
What is the 2 general equation?
Acid + base = salt + water
44
What is the 3 general equation?
Acid + alkali = salt + water
45
What is the 4 general equation?
Acid + metal carbonate = salt + water + carbon dioxide
46
How to test for hydrogen?
Lit splint goes squeaky pop
47
How to test for carbon dioxide?
Bubble through lime water, turns cloudy
48
How to test for oxygen?
glowing splint relights
49
How to test for chlorine?
damp blue litmus paper turns red then bleaches white.
50
How to test for ammonia?
damp red litmus paper turns blue
51
What charge does group 1 have?
+1
52
What charge does group 2 have?
+2
53
What charge does group 3 have?
+3
54
Define solubility?
a precipitation reaction in which soluble substances in solutions cause an insoluble precipitation to form
55
What does solutions of lead nitrate and sodium chloride react to form?
Soluble sodium nitrate and a white precipitate of lead chloride
56
What do the state symbols in a balanced equations show?
Which substances are soluble and which are not
57
Where is the formulae of the ions that react together to form the precipitate are shown on which side?
left
58
Where is the formulae of the precipitate shown on which side?
right
59
What is the ionic equation for the formation of lead chloride?
Pb2+ + 2Cl- = PbCl2
60
What is it called when the sodium and nitrate ions do not change?
spectator ions
61
What are all salts?
ionic
62
What happens when two solutions containing soluble salts react together?
the ions from the salts swap
63
What is the products of:
copper sulphate + potassium carbonate =
copper carbonate+ potassium sulphate
64
What happens to the precipitate if both products are soluble?
no precipitate will form
65
What is the first step in making CuSO4 crystals?
-sulfuric acid (warm) (colourless) in a beaker then add CuO (black solid powder form)
66
What is the second step in making CuSO4 crystals?
-solution turned blue, add CuO in excess- saw black solid at bottom of beaker
67
What is the third step in making CuSO4 crystals?
-FILTER excess CuO black-solid and transferred the solution to evaporating basin
68
What is the fourth step in making CuSO4 crystals?
-Use a water bath, evaporate SOME water to concentrate solution
69
What is the fifth step in making CuSO4 crystals?
-Cool crystals and dry them in a WARM oven
70
What is the first step in neutralising an acid practical? Ca(OH)2 to HCL
- record pH of HCL in beaker then add 0.3g of Ca(OH)2 and record the pH
71
What is the second step in neutralising an acid practical? Ca(OH)2 to HCL
-Keep adding 0.3g of Ca(OH)2 and stir with glass rod to the beaker and record pH
72
What is the third step in neutralising an acid practical? Ca(OH)2 to HCL
-Keep adding Ca(OH)2 until in excess
73
What is the fourth step in neutralising an acid practical? Ca(OH)2 to HCL
-draw a graph of pH versus mass of Ca(OH)2
74
What could we use to make the pH reading more accurate?
pH probe/meter
75
What solutions are soluble?
-all nitrates
-ammonium, potassium and sodium
-all chloride except some
-all sulfates except some
76
What solutions are insoluble?
-Lead sulfate, calcium sulfate and barium sulfate
-all carbonates
-all hydroxide
77
define precipitation reactions?
they form a product that is solid, from two soluble reactions
78
chemical symbol for carbonate
CO3 -2
79
chemical symbol for nitrate
NO3 -
80
chemical symbol for hydroxide
OH -
81
chemical symbol for chloride
Cl -
82
chemical symbol for sulfate
SO4 2-
