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SCIENCE GCSE > Biology CT1 > Flashcards

Biology CT1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Why do cells need oxygen?

A

and glucose to respire

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2
Q

What is an enzyme?

A

A biological catalyst.

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3
Q

What is a catalyst?

A

Something that speeds up a chemical reaction without being used up.

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4
Q

What is an amylase?

A

A type of enzyme in salva that is used to break down carbs and starch

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5
Q

What does amylase break down carbs and starch into?

A

simple sugars (glucose)

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6
Q

Why is an enzyme a specific shape?

A

it will only fit or work on certain substrates

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7
Q

What is an enzyme made up of?

A

large proteins (amino acids)

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8
Q

Where is protease found?

A

in the stomach

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9
Q

What does protease break down?

A

proteins into amino acids

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10
Q

Where is lipase found?

A

small intestine
stomach
pancreas

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11
Q

What dceroloes lipase break down?

A

fats into glycerol

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12
Q

Why are enzymes important for digestion?

A

-break down large food molecules
-small enough to cross cell membranes
-supply body with nutrients and sources of energy

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13
Q

How many enzymes are in our bodies?

A

thousands

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14
Q

What is known as synthesis?

A

building larger molecules from smaller subunits

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15
Q

what are substrates?

A

the substances that enzymes work on

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16
Q

What are known as products?

A

the substances that are produced

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17
Q

What is the iodine test used to identify?

A

starch in foods

18
Q

What colour is the solution of iodine in potassium iodine

A

yellow-orange

19
Q

What colour does the solution go when iodine is in a food that contains starch

A

blue-black

20
Q

What does benedict’s test identify

A

reducing sugars, glucose, fructose

21
Q
  1. Steps to benedict’s test
A

-mix equal parts of food solution and benedict’s solution in a test tube.

22
Q
  1. Steps to benedict’s test
A

Place the test tube into water bath at 95 degrees for 5 mins

23
Q

What colour will show in the benedict’s test when the food contains no reducing sugars

A

blue

24
Q

What colour will show in the benedict’s test when the food contains little reducing sugars

A

green

25
Q

What colour will show in the benedict’s test when the food contains some reducing sugars

A

Orange

26
Q

What colour will show in the benedict’s test when the food contains lots reducing sugars

A

red

27
Q

What does the ethanol test identify?

A

fats and oils

28
Q
  1. Steps to ethanol test
A

Half-fill a tube with ethanol. Add some crushed or liquid food and mix

29
Q
  1. Steps to ethanol test
A

Pour some of the mixture into a tube of water and mix

30
Q

What happens to the solution when there are fats and oils present in the ethanol test

A

cloudy suspension near the top of the tube

31
Q

What does the biuret test identify?

A

protien

32
Q
  1. Steps to biuret test
A

Mix equal volumes of food solution and dilute potassium hydroxide solution in a test tube.

33
Q
  1. Steps to biuret test
A

Add a few drops of copper sulfate solution and mix

34
Q

What colour will the substance turn when protein is present.

A

from blue to lilac (pale purple)

35
Q

Define active site

A

the space in an enzyme where the substrate bonds with the substrate during an enzyme reaction

36
Q

Define denatured

A

When the active site of an enzyme changes shape so that the substrate can no longer fit

37
Q

What model shows how enzymes work?

A

lock-and-key model

38
Q

What does denatured mean?

A

The enzyme has changed shape.

39
Q

What is the graph called about enzymes?

A

A graph that shows enzyme activity across pH values

40
Q

What is it called at the top of the curve on an enzyme graph?

A

Enzyme optimal function

41
Q

What is visking tu

A

SCIENCE GCSE (8 decks)

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