Chemistry chapter 8 (Rate of Reaction) Flashcards
Define collision theory?
For a reaction between two particles to occur, the particles must collide and the collision must be effective
Define effective collisions?
When the particles collide with enough kinetic energy and the correct orientation to break the bonds between particles so new bonds can form.
What will happen if collision occurs with insufficient energy or incorrect orientation?
The particles will collide but no reaction will take palce
Define rate of reaction?
The speed of the reaction
When does reaction take palce?
When particles collide with a certain amount of energy with the correct orientation.
What is the minimum amount of energy needed for the particles to react?
Activation energy
What are the 2 things that the rate of reaction depends on?
- The frequency of collisions between particles
- The energy with which particles collide
What factors influence the rate of reaction?
. Temperature
. The concentration of dissolved reactant
. The pressure of gaseous reactants
. Surface area
. Catalyst
. Light
How can rate of reaction be meassures?
By measuring the change in the amount of reactant or product.
How can the rate of reaction be calculated from a graph?
y/x
How does temperature affect reaction rate?
The higher the temperature, the higher the reaction rate
Explain how increase in temperature raises reaction rate?
At a higher temperature, particles have more kinetic energy, which leads to them colliding with each other more often
How does the concentration of dissolved reactants affect rate of reaction?
The higher the concentration of the dissolved reactant the faster the rate of reaction.
Explain how increase in concentration increases the rate of reaction.
At a higher concentration, there are more particles in the same amount of space. This means that the particles are more likely to collide and therefore more likely to react.
How does the pressure affect the rate of reaction?
The higher the pressure the higher the rate of reaction
Explain how pressure affects the rate of reaction?
As the pressure increases, the space in which the particles are moving becomes smaller while retaining the same number of particles. This increases the frequency of the particle’s collision.
How does the surface area affect the rate of reaction?
The larger the surface area of the solid, the higher the rate of reaction.
Explain how the surface area affects the rate of reaction?
The higher surface area means that there is an increased area where the particles could collide.
What is the product of a metal carbonate + acid?
Salt + H2O + CO2
What is the product of Metal + acid?
Salt + hydrogen
What are catalysts?
Substances that speed up the rate of the reaction without being used up in the reaction.
What is the relationship between catalysts and the amount of product?
Catalysts never produce more product, they just produce the same amount faster.
How do most catalysts in a chemical reaction work?
Different catalysts work in different ways, but most lower the reaction’s activation energy.
Most catalysts are —— ?
Transition metals
