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Chemistry > Chem Chapter 3 (Chemical Bonding) > Flashcards

Chem Chapter 3 (Chemical Bonding) Flashcards

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1
Q

Define elements

A

A substance that can not be further devided into smaller substances by chemical means

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2
Q

Define metals

A

Metals are chemical elements or alloys that are shiny and have a high conductivity of heat and electricity

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3
Q

Define non-metals

A

Non metals are chemical elements that are generally poor conductors of heat and electricity

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4
Q

Define compounds

A

2 or more elements that have been chemically bound together in a fixed position

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5
Q

Define mixtures

A

2 or more elements that are not chemically bound together in a fixed position

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6
Q

The composition of mixtures

A

Variable composition

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7
Q

The composition of compounds

A

Constant composition

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8
Q

Define variable composition

A

A composition where the relative amounts of the elements can be changed

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9
Q

Define constant composition

A

A composition where the elements have a set ration between them

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10
Q

Are mixtures joined together

A

No

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11
Q

Are compounds joined together

A

Yes

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12
Q

Properties of elements in mixtures

A

They keep the properties of the substances involved

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13
Q

Properties of elements in compounds

A

The properties are different from those of the elements it contains

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14
Q

Can mixtures be sperated

A

Yes they can be separated

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15
Q

Can compounds be separated

A

No compounds can not be separated but they can be obtained using chemical reactions

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16
Q

What is covalent bonding

A

The binding of two non-metals together

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17
Q

What is ionic bonding

A

The binding of a metal and a non-metal

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18
Q

What is metallic bonding

A

The bonding of two metals

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19
Q

What are the diatonic molecules

A

Hydrogen, Oxygen, nitrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine

20
Q

Physical properties of simple covalent compounds

A

1.They are held by weak intermolecular forces so they have low melting point .
2. One melted, molecules are free to move but have no charge and so the don’t conduct electricity

21
Q

Define ions

A

Ion is an atom or group of atoms with a positive or negative charge.

22
Q

How are ions formed

A

Ions are formed when an atom or groups of atoms gain or lose electrons

23
Q

Do metal atoms gain or lose electrons

A

Metal atoms loose electrons to form positive charges

24
Q

Do non-metal atoms gain or lose electrons

A

They gain electrons and form negative charges

25
Q

Why are positive and negative charge attracted to eachother

A

They are attracted because of electrostatic forces

26
Q

Define cations

A

Cations are positively charges ions

27
Q

What are anions

A

Anions are negatively charged ions

28
Q

Physical properties of ionic compounds

A
  1. They have high melting and boiling points
  2. Ions in water can move and hence can transfer electric current
  3. Melted ionic compounds are able to conduct electricity as well, as ions can move
29
Q

What is the regular arrangement of ionic compounds

A

It is a lattice

30
Q

Are ionic compounds soluble in water

A

Ionic compounds are soluble in water as water is attracted to charged ions and so many ionic solids dissolve

31
Q

In what states to ionic compounds conduct electricity

A

When they are melted or dissolved in water. Not in solid

32
Q

Hardness of diamond

A

It is very durable due to its strong covalent bonds which extend all through out the crystal as each carbon is attached to 4 others-tetrahedrally

33
Q

Conductivity of diamond

A

Diamond does not conduct electricity as all it’s free electrons are used in making covalent bonds

34
Q

Uses of diamond for its hardness

A

It is used in drill bits, diamond saws and glass cutters

35
Q

Graphites hardness

A
  1. It is soft
  2. The layers can slide in eachother and has a slippery feel (used as lubricant)
  3. Carbons arranged in 2D layer linked with hexagonal.
  4. Each carbon atom is bonded with 3 others
  5. The attraction force between the layers is weaker
36
Q

Graphite electrical conductivity

A

It conducts electricity as the free electrons are not used by the layered atoms

37
Q

Use of graphite for its hardness

A

Pencil and lubricant

38
Q

Use of graphite for its conductivity

A

As electrodes and for brushes in electric motor

39
Q

Why can metals conduct electricity

A

Cause the free moving electrons can carry the electric current with them

40
Q

Metallic bonding structure

A

Positive ions all lined up in lattice structure

41
Q

Physical properties of metallic compounds

A
  1. High conduction of heat and electricity die to free moving electrons
  2. High melting point and strong due to negatively charged electrons being attracted to positive nucleus
  3. Malleable and ductile due to the present if free moving electrons between the positive nucleus that makes the structure able to slide in itself
42
Q

Which molecular bonding’s have ions

A

Ionic and Metalic

43
Q

The 4 Giant covalent structures

A
  1. SIlicon
  2. Silicon Dioxide
  3. Carbon (Diamond)
  4. Carbon (Graphite)
44
Q

Define allotrope?

A

When two or more forms of an element exist in the same physical state

45
Q

Examples of allotropes?

A

Diamond and graphite

Chemistry (10 decks)

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