Chemistry chapter 12 (Preparation of Salts)

Question 1

What are Salts?

Answer 1

Ionic compounds

Question 2

What are the importance’s of NaCl biologically?

Answer 2

i) Involve in muscle contraction
ii) Enables conduction of nerve impulses
iii) Regulates Osmosis
iv) Converted to HCl to aid digestion
v) Sweating can cause the loss of NaCl, loss of too much NaCl will cause muscle cramps.

Question 3

List the Rules for Solubility of Salts.

Answer 3

Soluble:
i) All 𝐒𝐨𝐝𝐢𝐮𝐦, 𝐏𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐮𝐦, 𝐀𝐦𝐦𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐮𝐦 salts are 𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐛𝐥𝐞.
ii) All 𝐍𝐢𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐬 are 𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐛𝐥𝐞.
iii) Most 𝐂𝐡𝐥𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐬 (𝐎𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫 𝐇𝐚𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐬) are 𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐛𝐥𝐞 in water. (Except Lead and Silver). 𝐏𝐛𝐂𝐥𝟐 is 𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐛𝐥𝐞 in 𝐇𝐨𝐭 𝐰𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐫.
iv) Most 𝐒𝐮𝐥𝐩𝐡𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐬 are 𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐛𝐥𝐞 in water (Except 𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐮𝐦, 𝐜𝐚𝐥𝐜𝐢𝐮𝐦 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐝)

Insoluble:
i) Most 𝐂𝐚𝐫𝐛𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐬 are 𝐈𝐧𝐬𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐛𝐥𝐞 in water (Except 𝐒𝐨𝐝𝐢𝐮𝐦, 𝐏𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐮𝐦, 𝐀𝐦𝐦𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐮𝐦)
ii) Most 𝐏𝐡𝐨𝐬𝐩𝐡𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐬 are 𝐈𝐧𝐬𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐛𝐥𝐞 (Except G1 metals and Ammonium)
iii) Most 𝐇𝐲𝐝𝐫𝐨𝐱𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐬 are 𝐈𝐧𝐬𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐛𝐥𝐞 (Except 𝐒𝐨𝐝𝐢𝐮𝐦, 𝐏𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐮𝐦, 𝐀𝐦𝐦𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐮𝐦, and 𝐂𝐚𝐥𝐜𝐢𝐮𝐦)

Question 4

The Salts from, which Acid is Soluble in Water?

Answer 4

Nitric Acid

Question 5

What is a method of producing a Soluble Salt?

Answer 5

Acid - Alkali Titrations.

Question 6

Explain the steps of making salts using the Excess method.

Answer 6

i) The acid is measured
ii) It is heated (Optional)
iii) Base is added in excess
iv) Solution is filtered
v) The Filtrate is taken (For Soluble Salt) or Remnant (For Insoluble Salt)
vi) .The filtrate is put in an evaporating dish and separated from water using a water bath to evaporate it.
.The Remnant is taken and rinsed with distilled water and then left to air dry.

Question 7

Explain the steps of making salt using Titration method.

Answer 7

i) Alkali is measured in beaker and Thymolphthalein is added
ii) The acid is slowly added using a burette while stirring the mixture.
iii) The acid flow is stopped when the Solution becomes colorless. (End-point)
iv) The reading on burette is read to measure the amount of acid used (Titre)