Chemistry AS Chapter 11 - Organic Chemistry

Question 1

Define the term hydrocarbon

Answer 1

A compound containing ONLY hydrogen and carbon

Question 2

What is the difference between a saturated and an unsaturated hydrocarbon?

Answer 2

A saturated hydrocarbon has single bonds only, whereas an unsaturated hydrocarbon contains carbon-carbon double bonds

Question 3

Define the term homologous series

Answer 3

A family of compounds with similar chemical properties whose successive members differ by the addition of of -CH2 group

Question 4

Define the term functional group

Answer 4

The part of the organic molecule that is largely responsible for the molecules chemical properties

Question 5

Define the term aliphatic

Answer 5

Carbon atoms are joined to each other in unbranched or branched chains, or non-aromatic rings

Question 6

Define the term alicyclic

Answer 6

Carbon atoms are joined to each other in ring structures, with or without branches

Question 7

Define the term aromatic

Answer 7

Some or all of the carbon atoms are found in a benzene ring

Question 8

What are the three homologous series of aliphatic hydrocarbons?

Answer 8

• Alkanes (single bonds)
• Alkenes (double bonds)
• Alkynes (triple bonds)

Question 9

Name the stem of the names of the first 10 alkanes in order

Answer 9

meth-
eth-
prop-
but-
pent-
hex-
hept-
oct-
non-
dec-

Question 10

What is the molecular formula?

Answer 10

It shows the number and type of atoms of each element present in a molecule, but not how they are joined together - e.g. C2H6O

Question 11

What is the empirical formula?

Answer 11

The simplest whole number ratio of the atoms of each element present in a compound

Question 12

What is the general formula?

Answer 12

The simplest algebraic formula for any member of the homologous series - e.g. CnH2n+2 is for alkanes

Question 13

What is the displayed formula?

Answer 13

It shows the relative positioning of all the atoms in a molecule and the bonds between them

Question 14

What is the structural formula?

Answer 14

Uses the smallest amount of detail necessary to show the arrangement of atoms in a molecule - e.g. CH3CH2CH2CH3

Question 15

What is the skeletal formula?

Answer 15

A simplified organic formula. You remove:
- all carbon and hydrogen labels
- any bonds to hydrogen atoms
In skeletal formulae:
- a line represents a single bond
- an intersection of two lines represents a carbon atom
- the end of a line represents a CH3 group

Question 16

Define the term structural isomers

Answer 16

Compounds with the same molecular formula but a different structural formula

Question 17

What are functional group isomers?

Answer 17

Compounds that have the same functional group but it is at different positions along the carbon chain