Chemistry Flashcards
what is chemistry?
The science that deals with the materials of the universe and the changes that these materials undergo.
States of matter?
solid, liquid, gas
what is matter?
anything that has a mass and occupies space.
what does matter consists of?
atoms
what is atom?
smallest unit of matter that can enter a chemical reaction.
name the elements that are important in the body
hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon
description of Solid matter
rigid/compact
fixed shape
fixed volume (bone, Dimond)
description of Liquid matter
free flowing
takes shape of container
defined volume (water, blood, gasoline)
description of gas matter
no fixed shape
no fixed volume
take shape and volume of container
lots of energy (air, oxygen, helium)
What is a role of Calcium in our body?
Muscle contraction, nervous impulses, blood coagulation, structure of bones and teeth
Principal element in organic compounds is______
Carbon
________ element is a Principal extracellular anion
Chlorine
_____ is the element that is component of all organic compounds
Hydrogen
Iodine is a component of ______
thyroxine
Iron is a component of _______
haemoglobin
Nitrogen is a components of ________
amines, amino acids and nucleic acids
which element is necessary for cellular respiration
Oxygen
Phosphorus is component of ______
adenosine triphosphate (ATP) – the body’s chemical form of energy
Role of Potassium is to
regulate fluid balance, muscle contractions and nerve signals, main intracellular cation
Role of Sodium
Fluid balance, nervous impulses, main extracellular cation
explain Physical change
- it changes according to the environment(i.e. temperature)
- no arrangement of atoms (i.e. no changes in composition
- can be measured or observed
example of physical changes
water freezing, dry ice subliming, breaking glass, breaking an egg, heating steel, crumbling paper, cutting metal.
explain bicarbonate buffer system in the human body
carbon dioxide as a waste product
- converted to bicarbonate ion (HCO-3) in the blood
- in lungs converted to and release as a gas CO2
Example of chemical changes in chemistry
lighting a match, cooking an egg, bread becoming toast, milk going sour, burning wood, nails rusting
Explain chemical change in digestion
converting food ingested into usable parts by the body e.g. protein, fat, carbohydrate into amino acids, glucose, fructose…
Explain chemical change
process involving rearrangement of atoms .
Component of atom and what is it called?
protons +
electrons -
neutrons 0 (no charge)
its is called subatomic particles.
Filling order of shells inside to out
2-8-18-32
name of the shells inside to out
K-L-M-N
equation of atomic mass
number of protons + number of neutrons
What is isotopes?
isotopes has same element but different number of neutrons ex: carbon-13 has 6 electron, 6 protons, 7 neutrons
atomic weight equation
aw= mass x (Abundance% / 100%)
What is elements?
element is made up of same kind of atoms
- has the same number of protons
- same atomic number
- can not be broken down using chemical reaction.
ex: carbon, hydrogen
Symbol of.... Potassium sodium iron Chromium
k
Na
Fe
Cr
copper Lead Zinc Fluoride Selenium Cobalt
Cu Pb Zn Fl Se Co
Atomic number
number of proton ex/: carbons atomic number is 6 oxygens atomic number is 8 hydrogens atomic number is 2 helium is 1
elements that makes protein and water
oxygen
hydrogen
nitrogen
carbon
where do you find Calcium in the body?
bone, teeth
where do you find Phosphorus in human body?
bone and DNA
where do you find iron in human body?
Haemoglobin
Contribution of trace element in our body?
Iron(Fe)
red blood cells
Iodine (I) helps…
help regulate thyroid hormons
Chromium (Cr) helps…
enhances insulin actions
Manganese (Mn) is found in
connective tissue and bones
you will find Cobalt (Co) in _____
in Vitamin B12
Copper (Cu)
enzymes, neurotransmiers
what is Selenium (Se)
Selenium is an antioxidant (Oxidation leads to reactions that may damage cells
Fluoride (Fl) helps…
prevents tooth decay
Zinc (Zn) helps….
with enzyme activity and growth
Definition of Molecule
when two atoms join together
Definition of Compound
molecules with at least 2 different atoms that are chemically bonded
example of compounds
glucose in sugar
lactose in milk
gluten in wheat
role of Glucose
source of energy for our body
Carbohydrate converts into…
glucose
Where does glucose gets stored in our body?
muscle cells or in liver as glycogen
normal blood sugar level for non diabetic person while fasting?
3.9 and 5.5
sign and symptoms of lactose intolerance
loose stools, bloating, flatulence, abdominal pain
medical name for lactose intolerance is
Alactasia
different colours of blood red blue green violet
haemoglobin
haemocyanin
chlorocruorin
Haemerythrin
Full form of ATP
adenosine triphosphate
