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Nursing 104 > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

what is chemistry?

A

The science that deals with the materials of the universe and the changes that these materials undergo.

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2
Q

States of matter?

A

solid, liquid, gas

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3
Q

what is matter?

A

anything that has a mass and occupies space.

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4
Q

what does matter consists of?

A

atoms

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5
Q

what is atom?

A

smallest unit of matter that can enter a chemical reaction.

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6
Q

name the elements that are important in the body

A

hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon

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7
Q

description of Solid matter

A

rigid/compact
fixed shape
fixed volume (bone, Dimond)

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8
Q

description of Liquid matter

A

free flowing
takes shape of container
defined volume (water, blood, gasoline)

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9
Q

description of gas matter

A

no fixed shape
no fixed volume
take shape and volume of container
lots of energy (air, oxygen, helium)

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10
Q

What is a role of Calcium in our body?

A

Muscle contraction, nervous impulses, blood coagulation, structure of bones and teeth

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11
Q

Principal element in organic compounds is______

A

Carbon

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12
Q

________ element is a Principal extracellular anion

A

Chlorine

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13
Q

_____ is the element that is component of all organic compounds

A

Hydrogen

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14
Q

Iodine is a component of ______

A

thyroxine

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15
Q

Iron is a component of _______

A

haemoglobin

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16
Q

Nitrogen is a components of ________

A

amines, amino acids and nucleic acids

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17
Q

which element is necessary for cellular respiration

A

Oxygen

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18
Q

Phosphorus is component of ______

A

adenosine triphosphate (ATP) – the body’s chemical form of energy

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19
Q

Role of Potassium is to

A

regulate fluid balance, muscle contractions and nerve signals, main intracellular cation

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20
Q

Role of Sodium

A

Fluid balance, nervous impulses, main extracellular cation

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21
Q

explain Physical change

A
  • it changes according to the environment(i.e. temperature)
  • no arrangement of atoms (i.e. no changes in composition
  • can be measured or observed
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22
Q

example of physical changes

A

water freezing, dry ice subliming, breaking glass, breaking an egg, heating steel, crumbling paper, cutting metal.

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23
Q

explain bicarbonate buffer system in the human body

A

carbon dioxide as a waste product

  • converted to bicarbonate ion (HCO-3) in the blood
  • in lungs converted to and release as a gas CO2
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24
Q

Example of chemical changes in chemistry

A

lighting a match, cooking an egg, bread becoming toast, milk going sour, burning wood, nails rusting

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25
Q

Explain chemical change in digestion

A

converting food ingested into usable parts by the body e.g. protein, fat, carbohydrate into amino acids, glucose, fructose…

26
Q

Explain chemical change

A

process involving rearrangement of atoms .

27
Q

Component of atom and what is it called?

A

protons +
electrons -
neutrons 0 (no charge)
its is called subatomic particles.

28
Q

Filling order of shells inside to out

A

2-8-18-32

29
Q

name of the shells inside to out

A

K-L-M-N

30
Q

equation of atomic mass

A

number of protons + number of neutrons

31
Q

What is isotopes?

A

isotopes has same element but different number of neutrons ex: carbon-13 has 6 electron, 6 protons, 7 neutrons

32
Q

atomic weight equation

A

aw= mass x (Abundance% / 100%)

33
Q

What is elements?

A

element is made up of same kind of atoms

  • has the same number of protons
  • same atomic number
  • can not be broken down using chemical reaction.
    ex: carbon, hydrogen
34
Q 
Symbol of.... 
Potassium 
sodium 
iron
Chromium
A

k
Na
Fe
Cr

35
Q 
copper
Lead
Zinc
Fluoride 
Selenium
Cobalt
A 
Cu
Pb 
Zn
Fl
Se
Co
36
Q

Atomic number

A 
number of proton 
ex/: carbons atomic number is 6 
oxygens atomic number is 8 
hydrogens atomic number is 2
helium is 1
37
Q

elements that makes protein and water

A

oxygen
hydrogen
nitrogen
carbon

38
Q

where do you find Calcium in the body?

A

bone, teeth

39
Q

where do you find Phosphorus in human body?

A

bone and DNA

40
Q

where do you find iron in human body?

A

Haemoglobin

41
Q

Contribution of trace element in our body?

Iron(Fe)

A

red blood cells

42
Q

Iodine (I) helps…

A

help regulate thyroid hormons

43
Q

Chromium (Cr) helps…

A

enhances insulin actions

44
Q

Manganese (Mn) is found in

A

connective tissue and bones

45
Q

you will find Cobalt (Co) in _____

A

in Vitamin B12

46
Q

Copper (Cu)

A

enzymes, neurotransmiers

47
Q

what is Selenium (Se)

A

Selenium is an antioxidant (Oxidation leads to reactions that may damage cells

48
Q

Fluoride (Fl) helps…

A

prevents tooth decay

49
Q

Zinc (Zn) helps….

A

with enzyme activity and growth

50
Q

Definition of Molecule

A

when two atoms join together

51
Q

Definition of Compound

A

molecules with at least 2 different atoms that are chemically bonded

52
Q

example of compounds

A

glucose in sugar
lactose in milk
gluten in wheat

53
Q

role of Glucose

A

source of energy for our body

54
Q

Carbohydrate converts into…

A

glucose

55
Q

Where does glucose gets stored in our body?

A

muscle cells or in liver as glycogen

56
Q

normal blood sugar level for non diabetic person while fasting?

A

3.9 and 5.5

57
Q

sign and symptoms of lactose intolerance

A

loose stools, bloating, flatulence, abdominal pain

58
Q

medical name for lactose intolerance is

A

Alactasia

59
Q 
different colours of blood 
red
blue
green 
violet
A

haemoglobin
haemocyanin
chlorocruorin
Haemerythrin

60
Q

Full form of ATP

A

adenosine triphosphate

Nursing 104 (9 decks)

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