Chemistry 2 Organic Chemistry Flashcards
The chemistry of carbon
Organic Chemistry
What are the 4 Molecules of Life
- Carbohydrates 2. Lipids 3. Proteins 4. Nucleic Acids
How do cells build organic compounds
By building monomers into polymers through dehydration reaction
What are the 3 functions of Carbohydrates
- Stores Energy 2.Signals structural elements 3. Bulk in feces
What is the monomer of Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides
What are 4 examples of Monosaccharides
- Glucose 2. Fructose 3. Ribose 4. Deoxyribose
What are 3 examples of 2 monosaccharides linked together
- Sucrose (Table Sugar) 2. Lactose (Milk Sugar) 3. Maltose (Grain Sugar)
What are the 3 examples of polysaccharides
- Starch 2. Glycogen 3. Cellulose
A type of polysaccharide that is energy storage in plants
Starch
An enzyme that breaks starch into monomers
Amylase
A type of polysaccharide thats energy store in animal cells
Glycogen
What is the function of Lipids
Protection, Insulation, Regulation, Vitamins, Structure, Energy
A liquid triglyceride that contains double bonds
Unsaturated Fats
A Solid triglyceride that contains no double bonds
Saturated Fats
Where are triglyceride fats stored
Adipose cells
A phosphate compound replaces a fatty acid to become
Phospholipids
a type of lipid that forms 4 fused rings
Steroid
Serves as the building block on the steroid lipid
Cholesterol
A Polymer of Amino Acid Monomers
Protein
What are the 6 functions of protein
- Regulation 2. Transport 3. Protection 4. Contraction 5. Structure 6. Energy
All proteins are constructed from the same _____ Amino Acids
20
Amino Acids are linked together by ______ _______ and forms _____ ______
Dehydration Reactions, Peptide Bonds
Sequence of amino acids held together by peptide bond, and determined by inherited genetic info
1 degree Protein Structure
H-bonds between the backbone of 1 degree structure and results in a helical coil or sheet-like array
2 degree Protein Structure
Final 3-dimensional conformation of a protein that results from weak interactions between R-groups
3 degree Protein Structure
Complexing of 2 or more polypeptide chains through weak interactions
4 degree Protein Structure
This protein classification is extended and strand-like, insoluble in water and very stable
Fibrous Proteins
This protein classification is compact and spherical, water soluble and chemically active, also plays crucial roles in virtually all biological processes
Globular Proteins
Globular proteins that speed up chemical reactions (catalysts) and usually end in “ase”
Enzymes
These are composed of a 5-carbon sugar
Nucleotides
A Ribose is found in
RNA
Deoxyribose is found in
DNA
An organic molecule that provides the instructions for building proteins (Blueprints for life)
Nucleic Acids
This nucleic acid forms a double stranded double helix with sugar-phosphate backbone and bases H-bonded between strands of A-T C-G
DNA
This nucleic acid is single stranded, forms A-U C-G and assembles the proteins
RNA
This chemical energy is used by all cells
ATP
What are the 3 types of ATP cellular work
- Transport Work 2. Mechanical Work 3. Chemical Work
