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Human Anatomy > Cells 1 (Cell Structure and Function) > Flashcards

Cells 1 (Cell Structure and Function) Flashcards

1
Q

These are the smallest living units in biology

A

Cells

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2
Q

What type of elements link through cells

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen

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3
Q

What are the 3 main parts of a cell

A
  1. Plasma Membrane 2. Cytoplasm with Organelles 3. Nucleus
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4
Q

This part of the cell divides the intracellular and extracellular environments

A

Plasma Membrane

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5
Q

The plasma membrane is _______ charged with respect to the outside

A

Negatively

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6
Q

What is the construction of the plasma membrane

A

Made of a double phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins

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7
Q

Is the Plasma Membrane rigid or flexible?

A

Flexible

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8
Q

What are the 3 main components for the Plasma Membrane

A
  1. Phospholipids 2. Proteins 3. Cholesterol
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9
Q

Substances can pass through the Plasma Membrane easily if they are

A

Small, Hydrophobic and not charged

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10
Q

What are the 3 types of transportation through the Plasma Membrane

A
  1. Simple Diffusion 2. Facilitated Diffusion 3. Active Transport
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11
Q

This type of Plasma Membrane transportation has a gradient from high to low concentration, Solutes are lipid-soluble materials, small enough to pass through membrane pores and does not need energy to pass through

A

Simple Diffusion

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12
Q

This type of Plasma Membrane transportation has to be transported through proteins from a high to low concentration

A

Facilitated Diffusion

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13
Q

This type of Plasma Membrane transportation moves from low to high concentration by energy and a carrier protein

A

Active Transport

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14
Q

This transports large particles and macromolecules across the plasma membrane

A

Vesicular Transport

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15
Q

Bulk or large molecules INTO the cell

A

Endocytosis

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16
Q

Brings molecules OUT the cell

A

Exocytosis

17
Q

A vesicular transport that eats foreign invaders and spits it out of the cell

A

Phagocytosis

18
Q

A vesicular transport that drinks and dissolves solutes and exits through our urine and/or sweat

A

Pinocytosis

19
Q

_______ is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

A

Osmosis

20
Q

A type of osmosis with low solute concentration

A

Hypotonic

21
Q

A type of osmosis with a high solute concentration

A

Hypertonic

22
Q

A type of osmosis with a same solute concentration

A

Isotonic

23
Q

A part of the cell that is fluid matrix with embedded organelle structure

A

Cytoplasm

24
Q

A cytoplasmic organelle that provides all energy for cellular work and is the powerhouse of the cell

A

Mitochondria

25
Q

A cytoplasmic organelle that is the protein synthesis

A

Ribosomes

26
Q

______ ribosomes suspend in cytosol and synthesize proteins will stay inside the cell

A

Free

27
Q

_______ ribosomes will synthesize proteins destined for secretion to the outside of the cell

A

Attached

28
Q

A cytoplasmic organelle that provides as a drug detoxification, lipid and cholesterol production and steroid or hormone production

A

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

29
Q

A cytoplasmic organelle that provides the preparation of proteins for transport and secretion in membrane factory

A

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

30
Q

A cytoplasmic organelle that packages, modifies and segregates proteins

A

Golgi Apparatus

31
Q

A cytoplasmic organelle that is the site of intracellular digestion and is filled with hydrolyzing enzymes

A

Lysosomes

32
Q

A cytoplasmic organelle that detoxifies harmful substances and neutralizes dangerous free radicals

A

Peroxisomes

33
Q

A cytoplasmic organelle that has small internal rods that determine cell shape and structure, supports organelles and provides machinery needed for transport and cell division

A

Cytoskeleton

34
Q

A cytoplasmic organelle that produces fibers necessary for cells to divide and replicate

A

Centrioles

35
Q

A cellular extension that is hair-like projections used to propel substances across cell surface and beats in only one direction

A

Cilia

36
Q

A cellular extension that is a single tail-like projection used to propel entire cell forward

A

Flagella

37
Q

A cellular extension that is finger-like projections on the surface of some cells that increase surface area for absorption

A

Microvilli

38
Q

This part of the cell is the control center for cell activities

A

The Nucleus

39
Q

What are the 4 structures of the nucleus

A
  1. Nuclear envelope with nuclear pores 2. Chromatin (Uncoiled DNA) 3. Chromosomes (Tightly Coiled DNA) 4. Nucleolus (RNA for ribosome assembly)

Human Anatomy (8 decks)

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