Cells 1 (Cell Structure and Function) Flashcards
These are the smallest living units in biology
Cells
What type of elements link through cells
Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen
What are the 3 main parts of a cell
- Plasma Membrane 2. Cytoplasm with Organelles 3. Nucleus
This part of the cell divides the intracellular and extracellular environments
Plasma Membrane
The plasma membrane is _______ charged with respect to the outside
Negatively
What is the construction of the plasma membrane
Made of a double phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
Is the Plasma Membrane rigid or flexible?
Flexible
What are the 3 main components for the Plasma Membrane
- Phospholipids 2. Proteins 3. Cholesterol
Substances can pass through the Plasma Membrane easily if they are
Small, Hydrophobic and not charged
What are the 3 types of transportation through the Plasma Membrane
- Simple Diffusion 2. Facilitated Diffusion 3. Active Transport
This type of Plasma Membrane transportation has a gradient from high to low concentration, Solutes are lipid-soluble materials, small enough to pass through membrane pores and does not need energy to pass through
Simple Diffusion
This type of Plasma Membrane transportation has to be transported through proteins from a high to low concentration
Facilitated Diffusion
This type of Plasma Membrane transportation moves from low to high concentration by energy and a carrier protein
Active Transport
This transports large particles and macromolecules across the plasma membrane
Vesicular Transport
Bulk or large molecules INTO the cell
Endocytosis
Brings molecules OUT the cell
Exocytosis
A vesicular transport that eats foreign invaders and spits it out of the cell
Phagocytosis
A vesicular transport that drinks and dissolves solutes and exits through our urine and/or sweat
Pinocytosis
_______ is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane
Osmosis
A type of osmosis with low solute concentration
Hypotonic
A type of osmosis with a high solute concentration
Hypertonic
A type of osmosis with a same solute concentration
Isotonic
A part of the cell that is fluid matrix with embedded organelle structure
Cytoplasm
A cytoplasmic organelle that provides all energy for cellular work and is the powerhouse of the cell
Mitochondria
A cytoplasmic organelle that is the protein synthesis
Ribosomes
______ ribosomes suspend in cytosol and synthesize proteins will stay inside the cell
Free
_______ ribosomes will synthesize proteins destined for secretion to the outside of the cell
Attached
A cytoplasmic organelle that provides as a drug detoxification, lipid and cholesterol production and steroid or hormone production
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
A cytoplasmic organelle that provides the preparation of proteins for transport and secretion in membrane factory
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
A cytoplasmic organelle that packages, modifies and segregates proteins
Golgi Apparatus
A cytoplasmic organelle that is the site of intracellular digestion and is filled with hydrolyzing enzymes
Lysosomes
A cytoplasmic organelle that detoxifies harmful substances and neutralizes dangerous free radicals
Peroxisomes
A cytoplasmic organelle that has small internal rods that determine cell shape and structure, supports organelles and provides machinery needed for transport and cell division
Cytoskeleton
A cytoplasmic organelle that produces fibers necessary for cells to divide and replicate
Centrioles
A cellular extension that is hair-like projections used to propel substances across cell surface and beats in only one direction
Cilia
A cellular extension that is a single tail-like projection used to propel entire cell forward
Flagella
A cellular extension that is finger-like projections on the surface of some cells that increase surface area for absorption
Microvilli
This part of the cell is the control center for cell activities
The Nucleus
What are the 4 structures of the nucleus
- Nuclear envelope with nuclear pores 2. Chromatin (Uncoiled DNA) 3. Chromosomes (Tightly Coiled DNA) 4. Nucleolus (RNA for ribosome assembly)
