chemistry

Question 1

heisenberg uncertainty principle

Answer 1

the more we know about momentum of a particle, the less we know about position and vice versa

Question 2

average kinetic energy of an ideal gas

Answer 2

3/2 RT

Question 3

deviation of volume of real gasses compared to ideal gasses

Answer 3

V-real > V-ideal because real gas particles do have volume which is not accounted for in ideal gasses

Question 4

deviation of pressure of a real gas compared to ideal gas

Answer 4

P-real < P-ideal because real gasses will have intermolecular forces which pull gas molecules inward.

Question 5

Work

Answer 5

w=PdeltaV (pressure times change in volume)

Question 6

average kinetic energy of a fluid

Answer 6

K.E. average = 3/2RT

Question 7

enthalpy

Answer 7

Delta H = delta U + PdeltaV where U is internal energy

Question 8

molality

Answer 8

moles of solute / kilograms of solvent

Question 9

ppm

Answer 9

[ mass of solute / total mass of solution ] x 10^6

Question 10

heat if heat capacity is given

Answer 10

q=CΔT C is heat capacity

Question 11

heat if specific heat is given

Answer 11

q=mcΔT m is mass and c is specific heat

Question 12

boiling point elevation

Answer 12

ΔT=Kbmi (kb=constant) m=molality

Question 13

freezing point depression

Answer 13

ΔT=Kfmi (kf=constant) m = molality

Question 14

osmotic pressure

Answer 14

Pi=iMRT M is molarity

Question 15

henderson-hasselbalch equation (when to use it?)

Answer 15

pH at half equivalence point

pH=pka + log [A-]/[HA]
since [A-]=[HA], pH=pka

Question 16

ΔG (electrochemical cells)

Answer 16

ΔG = -nFEmax
ΔG= ΔG°+RT ln(Q)
ΔG= ΔG°+RT ln(K)

Question 17

Arrhenius acid

Answer 17

Produced H+ ions in aq soln

Question 18

Arrhenius base

Answer 18

Produces hydroxide ions in aq soln

Question 19

Brønsted-Lowry acid and base

Answer 19

Acids donate a proton

Base accepts a proton

Question 20

Lewis acid and base

Answer 20

Acid accepts electron pair

Base donates electron pair

Question 21

Acid dissociation constant ka

Answer 21

[H+][A-] / [HA]

Question 22

Equilibrium constant for reaction of conjugate base with water kb

Answer 22

[OH-][HA] / [A-]

Question 23

Best buffer pH

Answer 23

pH = pka

Question 24

How to pick an indicator

Answer 24

Pick indicator with most similar pH

Question 25

When does deltaG = 0

Answer 25

DeltaG is 0 at equilibrium

Question 26

Triple point

Answer 26

Where a substance exists as solid liquid and gas

Question 27

Critical temperature

Answer 27

Temperature above which a substance cannot liquify regardless of pressure

Question 28

Critical pressure

Answer 28

Pressure required to produce liquefaction of substance at critical temperature

Question 29

Supercritical fluid

Answer 29

Fluid beyond critical point. Has characteristics of both gas and liquid