Chemical Pathology 9 - Nutrition Flashcards
Which are the fat soluble vitamins? (Recall letter and name)
A - Retinol
D - cholecalciferol
E - tocopherol
K - phytomenodione
What are the symptoms of vitamin A deficiency?
Colour blindness
What are the symptoms of vitamin D deficiency?
Osteomalacia/ ricketts
What are the symptoms of vitamin E deficiency?
Anaemia, neuropathy, ischaemic heart disease Vit E (tocopherol) is an anti oxidant. Deficiency leads to haemolytic anaemia due to oxidative damage and destruction in the spleen. Also results in spino-cerebellar neuropathy with ataxia and hyperreflexia and can also lead to LDL becoming oxidised causes atherosclerosis
What are the symptoms of vitamin K deficiency?
Clotting defects
How can you test vitamin A levels?
Serum vitamin levels (although pretty much never done)
How can you test vitamin D levels?
Serum vitamin levels
How can you test vitamin E levels?
Serum vitamin levels
How can you test vitamin K level?
Prothrombin time
Name vitamins B1, 2, 6 and 12
B1 = thiamin
B2 = riboflavin
B6 = pyridoxine
B12 - cobalamin
Which vitamin deficiency causes Beri Beri neuropathy?
B1 (thiamin)
How can vit B1 levels be tested?
Red Blood Cell transketolase (but this takes forever to come back from the lab so is rarely done)
What are the symptoms of vit B2 deficiency?
Glossitis Vit B2 (riboflavin) deficiency causes mucosal damage
What are the symptoms of vit B6 deficiency?
Dermatitis/ sideroblastic anaemia Vit B6 (pyridoxine) is cofactor for metabolic pathways Diagnosis of deficiency made by measuring erythrocyte levels of AST Isoniazid use in TB can result in deficiency
What are the symptoms of vit B12 deficiency?
Pernicious anaemia
What are the symptoms of vit C deficiency?
Scurvy
What condition is produced by niacin (Vit B3) deficiency?
Pellagra (Dermatitis, diarrhoea, dementia)
What states are produced by iron deficiency vs excess?
Deficiency = hypochromic anaemia Excess = haemachromatosis
What symptoms does zinc deficiency produce?
Dermatitis
How can Wilson’s disease be tested for?
Caeruloplasmin level
Deficiency in which hormone can cause insulin resistance?
Adiponectin
Where is adiponectin produced?
White adipose tissue
What test can be used to prove a diagnosis of Wernicke’s encephalopathy?
Red blood cell transketolase
What is carbohydrate deficient transferrin measurement used for?
To detect alcohol abuse
