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GCSE: Chemistry > Chemical Changes > Flashcards

Chemical Changes Flashcards

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1
Q

Acid definition

A

Any substance that forms an aqueous solution with ph 7 or less

They ionise in aqueous solutions, releasing H+ ions

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2
Q

Bases definition

A

Any substance that can neutralise an acid

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3
Q

Common examples of bases:

A
  • Naked metals
  • Metal Oxides
  • Metal Hydroxide
  • Metal Carbonates
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4
Q

Alkalis are an example of __________ bases

A

soluble

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5
Q

How are salts formed?

A

When the hydrogen ions in an acid are replaced with metal or ammonium ions (in a neutralisation reaction)

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6
Q

Alkalis are compounds that release _____ when dissolved in water

A

OH- ions

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7
Q

Sulfuric acid

A

H2SO4

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8
Q

Nitric acid

A

HNO3

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9
Q

Hydrochloric acid

A

HCl

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10
Q

whereas strong acids completely ionise in aqueous solutions, with weak acids…

A

only a small percentage of their molecules split up into ions

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11
Q

Neutralisation

A

when an acid and base react to give salt + water

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12
Q

acid + metal ->

A

salt + hyrdrogen

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13
Q

acid + metal oxide ->

A

salt + water

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14
Q

acid + metal hydroxide ->

A

salt + water

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15
Q

acid + metal carbonate ->

A

salt + water + carbon dioxide

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16
Q

During a neutralisation reaction, the positive hydrogen ions from the acid react with the negative ___________ ions from the ____________

A
  1. hydroxide
  2. alkali
17
Q

Strong acids _________ completely, so all of the acid particles will _______ to release ___ ions in aqueous solutions

A
  1. ionise
  2. dissociate
  3. Hydrogen
18
Q

Examples of strong acids

A

hydrochloric acid

sulfuric acid

nitric acid

19
Q

symbol: hydrochloric acid

A

HCl

20
Q

symbol: sulfuric acid

A

H2SO4

21
Q

symbol: nitric acid

A

HNO3

22
Q

In aqueous solutions, only a _______ proportion of the acid particles ______.

A
  1. small
  2. dissociate
23
Q

Ionisation of a weak acid is….

A

REVERSIBLE

24
Q

Examples of weak acids

A

Ethanoic Acid

Citric Acid

Carbonic Acid

25
Q

The higher the concentration of hydrogen ions, the _______ the pH

A

lower

26
Q

pH scale = the concentration of…

A

H+ ions

27
Q

REDOX -

A

oxidation and reduction simultaniously

28
Q

Oxidation

A

lose electrons

gain oxygen

29
Q

Reduction

A

lose oxygen

gain electrons

30
Q

ionic equations will only show the particles that…

A

take part in the reaction and change in some way from left to right… write them out with their charge specified i.e. make it obvious that they are ions.

31
Q

Half equations are the ionic equation but only showing the change of…

A

1 element

GCSE: Chemistry (9 decks)

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