Chemical changes Flashcards
State the metals that are extremely reactive, reactive and non-reactive and how they react:
Potassium
Sodium
Lithium
Calcium
They react vigorously with water, producing hydrogen gas.
Magnesium
Aluminium
Carbon
Zinc
Iron
Tin
Lead
Hydrogen
They react more with acids to produce hydrogen gas, and react slowly with water and steam.
Copper
Silver
Gold
Extremely un-reactive with water, steam and acids.
What is OILRIG?
Oxidation is loss (of electrons)Reduction is gain (of electrons)
What is produced when a metal reacts with water?
Metal hydroxide (Salt) and hydrogen gas
What is a salt?
An ionic compound
What is produced when a metal reacts with an acid? What would be produced when a metal reacts with:
-hydrochloric acid
-sulphuric acid
-nitric acid
A soluble salt and hydrogen gas
-metal chloride + hydrogen gas
-metal sulphate + hydrogen gas
-metal nitrate + hydrogen gas
What are the chemical formulas for:
-hydrochloric acid
-sulphuric acid
-nitric acid
-HCl
-H₂SO₄
-HNO₃
What would be produced when an acid reacts with a:
-metal oxide
-metal hydroxide
-metal base
-metal carbonate
-salt + water
-salt + water
-salt + water
-salt + water + carbon dioxide
What are the general pattern of the state symbols of a metal reacting with an acid?
Solid, aqueous, aqueous, gas
What is the difference between a metal reacting with an acid and base?
A metal with an acid produces a salt and hydrogen gas
A metal with a base produces a soluble salt and water
What is the word equation when an alkali reacts with an acid?
Alkali + acid -> soluble salt + water
What is the word equation when an acid reacted with a carbonate?
Acid + carbonate -> salt + water + carbon dioxide
What does an acid always have?
H+ ions
What does a base always have?
OH- ions
What two categories can bases be split into?
Insoluble bases and alkalis.
What two categories can insoluble bases be split into?
Metal oxides and metal carbonates
What are alkalis in neutralisation?
Bases that are soluble in water
What do insoluble bases dissolve into?
Acids
Acids + Alkalis —> ______H+ + OH- —> ______
Water (H2O)
What is an ore?
An ore is a rock that contains an amount of a metal that is economical to extract from.
What’s the problem with ores?
They are found oxidised, so they must be reduced.
A … reactive metal will displace a … reactive metal
more, less
What element is used to separate a metal from a metal oxide?
Carbon
What element is used to separate a metal from a metal acid solution?
Hydrogen
What are bases?
Chemicals used to neutralise acids, forming a salt and water. Usually they are metal oxides / hydroxides
How do we extract metals that are more reactive than carbon from ores?
Electrolysis
What elements / compounds do displacement reactions deal with?
Metals and aqueous solutions of a metal salt
