Chemical changes

Question 1

State the metals that are extremely reactive, reactive and non-reactive and how they react:

Answer 1

Potassium
Sodium
Lithium
Calcium

They react vigorously with water, producing hydrogen gas.

Magnesium
Aluminium
Carbon
Zinc
Iron
Tin
Lead
Hydrogen

They react more with acids to produce hydrogen gas, and react slowly with water and steam.

Copper
Silver
Gold

Extremely un-reactive with water, steam and acids.

Question 2

What is OILRIG?

Answer 2

Oxidation is loss (of electrons)Reduction is gain (of electrons)

Question 3

What is produced when a metal reacts with water?

Answer 3

Metal hydroxide (Salt) and hydrogen gas

Question 4

What is a salt?

Answer 4

An ionic compound

Question 5

What is produced when a metal reacts with an acid? What would be produced when a metal reacts with:
-hydrochloric acid
-sulphuric acid
-nitric acid

Answer 5

A soluble salt and hydrogen gas
-metal chloride + hydrogen gas
-metal sulphate + hydrogen gas
-metal nitrate + hydrogen gas

Question 6

What are the chemical formulas for:
-hydrochloric acid
-sulphuric acid
-nitric acid

Answer 6

-HCl
-H₂SO₄
-HNO₃

Question 7

What would be produced when an acid reacts with a:
-metal oxide
-metal hydroxide
-metal base
-metal carbonate

Answer 7

-salt + water
-salt + water
-salt + water
-salt + water + carbon dioxide

Question 8

What are the general pattern of the state symbols of a metal reacting with an acid?

Answer 8

Solid, aqueous, aqueous, gas

Question 9

What is the difference between a metal reacting with an acid and base?

Answer 9

A metal with an acid produces a salt and hydrogen gas
A metal with a base produces a soluble salt and water

Question 10

What is the word equation when an alkali reacts with an acid?

Answer 10

Alkali + acid -> soluble salt + water

Question 11

What is the word equation when an acid reacted with a carbonate?

Answer 11

Acid + carbonate -> salt + water + carbon dioxide

Question 12

What does an acid always have?

Answer 12

H+ ions

Question 13

What does a base always have?

Answer 13

OH- ions

Question 14

What two categories can bases be split into?

Answer 14

Insoluble bases and alkalis.

Question 15

What two categories can insoluble bases be split into?

Answer 15

Metal oxides and metal carbonates

Question 16

What are alkalis in neutralisation?

Answer 16

Bases that are soluble in water

Question 17

What do insoluble bases dissolve into?

Answer 17

Acids

Question 18

Acids + Alkalis —> ______H+ + OH- —> ______

Answer 18

Water (H2O)

Question 19

What is an ore?

Answer 19

An ore is a rock that contains an amount of a metal that is economical to extract from.

Question 20

What’s the problem with ores?

Answer 20

They are found oxidised, so they must be reduced.

Question 21

A … reactive metal will displace a … reactive metal

Answer 21

more, less

Question 22

What element is used to separate a metal from a metal oxide?

Answer 22

Carbon

Question 23

What element is used to separate a metal from a metal acid solution?

Answer 23

Hydrogen

Question 24

What are bases?

Answer 24

Chemicals used to neutralise acids, forming a salt and water. Usually they are metal oxides / hydroxides

Question 25

How do we extract metals that are more reactive than carbon from ores?

Answer 25

Electrolysis

Question 26

What elements / compounds do displacement reactions deal with?

Answer 26

Metals and aqueous solutions of a metal salt