Chemical Basis Of Life Flashcards
Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space
Matter is composed of
Elements
Living organisms require _______ elements to survive and function.
20
Our bodies are made 95% of
Nitrogen, carbon, oxygen, hydrogen
Elements occur in
Mixtures or chemical compositions
Overall a complete atom has _____ charge.
No net charge
Isotopes
Atoms gain or lose neutrons.
Change the mass of atom
Atomic # stays the same
Types of isotopes
Alpha
Beta
Gamma
Isotopes when introduced to body are specific for structure being studied.
Their presence and ……
Half life help doctors see the function
Ion
Positively r negatively charged atom
Ionic bond
Valence e- are given or received
Covalent
Electrons are shared
Hydrogen bond
Weak bonds between H and other elements
Two or more elements form
Molecules
Same element= _________
O2,N2
Diatomic
Different elements
Compounds
Catalyst
A molecule that can change rate of rxn without being consumed
When substance decomposes and releases ions in water..
Electrolyte
H+ ions released
Acid
OH- or ions that combine with H+ ions
Bases
Inorganic
Dissolve in water or react with water to release ions (electrolytes)
Inorganic chemicals
- water
- oxygen
- carbon dioxide
- salts
Organic
Usually dissolve in organic liquids like alcohol.
Nonelectrolytes. (Do not release ions)
Organic chemicals
- carbs
- lipids
- proteins
- nucleic acids
Carbs
- provide energy for cells
- contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms.
Monosaccharides
6 carbons
Short chains of carbon
Disaccharide
2 simple sugars put together
Sucrose, lactose
Polysaccharide
Many simple sugars joined
Plant starch, cellulose, glycogen
Lipids
Insoluble in water
Fats
Stores energy
Triglyceride—>building blocks of lipids
Glycerol and three fatty acids
Saturated
Single bonds between carbon atoms
Unsaturated
Double bonds between carbon atoms
Phospholipids
- 2 fatty acids, phosphate group, and glycerol
- hydrophilic head, hydrophobic tail
- important for cell structure
Steroids
4 carbon rings
Cholesterol and hormones
Proteins
Structural materials, energy source, hormones, cell receptors, antibodies, enzyme
What are proteins made out of?
Amino group, carboxyl groups
Amino acids join in changes called…
Polypeptides
Polypeptides have 4 structures. They are?
Primary- amino acid sequence.
Secondary- repeated patterns of protein backbone
- Alpha helix-coils clockwise direction
- Beta sheet-nearly fully extended
Tertiary- overall folding of polypeptide chain
Quaternary- overall structure of the protein
Nucleic acids
Take part in protein synthesis
What are the building blocks of nucleic acids
Nucleotides
DNA de oxyribose
Contains only one OH on its 2nd prime.
Double stranded
ATGC
RNA
Ribonucleic
One stranded
Has an extra OH on its base 2’
Chemistry
Composition of matter and its changes
What are the eleven major elements in the human body?
- oxygen
- hydrogen
- nitrogen
- carbon
- calcium
- phosphorus
- potassium
- sulfur
- chlorine
- sodium
- magnesium
