Chem1.7-2.12 Flashcards
A model is an idea that–and–.
explains observations; in making predictions
Every model are-than-, and has-and-:
1. help to – and help in–
2. does not – & –
simpler; reality; strengths; limitations;
explain things; making predictions
explain all observations perfectly;
predictions made with the model are somtimes not accurate
All substances are -, but not all - are substances.
materials; materials
An element is a - that is made –. It cannot –.
substance; from one type of atom; be split into other substances
The periodic table lists –, grouping together –.
all the elements in a certain order; elements with similar properties
The elements on the left of the line are -. The elements on the right of the line are -.
metals; non-metals
The uses of elements depend on –.
their properties
The uses of platinum:
1. Platinum-containing –
store –.
2. Surgeons insert platinum-
containing –, to keep it open.
3. Catalytic converters (催化转换) in - contain platinum. They convert – to less harmful ones.
4. For jewellery.
hard drives; computer data
stents into narrowed blood vessels
cars; harmful exhaust gases
Hydrogen: the most –.
All living things are mainly - (including you).
Nitrogen: the most –. (air is mainly-)
Helium: the second most –.
common element in the Universe
carbon
common element in the Earth’s atmosphere; nitrogen
common element in the Universe
Elements that – were discovered first. ( exp: -,-,-; extracted: -,-)
(Bronze:-&-; uses:–)
Other elements were discovered – (1200-1700: -,-; 1700s (-new elements) :-,-,-; 1800s (-new elements): -).
are found on their own;
gold, charcoal, sulfur; copper, iron; copper, tin; for making knives;
as technology developed
zinc, phosphorus; 17; oxygen, nickel, magnesium; 50; aluminium
Every element has its own –. This is the – for the element.
The chemical symbol may be the –/ – of the English name of the element.
The chemical symbols for some elements come from –.
Scientists all over the world use –.
chemical symbol; one- or two-letter code; first one or two letters; first one and third letters; other languages
the same chemical symbols
Atoms are -. An atom is the – of an element that –.
particles; smallest particle; can exist
Every element has –. But the atoms of each element are –.
its own type of atom; different to the atoms of all other elements
The properties of an element are the properties –.
of many atoms together
A compound is a –.
substance made up of atoms of two or more elements, strongly joined together
Difference between an element and a compound:
element has 1 type of atom
compound has 2/more types of atom
9 gas exist as molecules.
Iodine; Bromine; Oxygen;
Sulfur;
Phosphorus
Nitrogen;
Chlorine;
Fluorine
hydrogen
A molecule is a–.
particle made up of 2 or more atoms strongly joined together
Carbon monoxide (-atom; property)
Carbon dioxide (-atom; property)
1 oxygen 1 carbon; poisonous
1 carbon 2 oxygen; greenhouse gas
Name of metal and non-metal:
copper sulfur
sodium chlorine
calcium oxygen
Name of a metal, a non-metal, and oxygen:
copper sulfur oxygen
calcium phosphorus oxygen
cobalt nitrogen oxygen
calcium carbon oxygen
1 oxygen:- 2 oxygen:- 3 oxygen:-
-ide
copper sulfide
sodium chloride
calcium oxide
-ate
copper sulfate
calcium phosphate
cobalt nitrate
calcium carbonate
monoxide dioxide trioxide
There is a - (-&-) in each atom.
nucleus; proton; neutron
In the periodic table, elements are arranged in - order of –.
ascending; proton number
– compounds are made up of positive & negative -.
Total - & - charge must be – for - compounds.
Ionic; ions; postive; negative; in equal; ionic
- number=- number
proton; electron
