CHEM 7.2 Properties, Names and Formulas

Question 1

What is the difference between Acids and Bases ?

Answer 1

Acids always produce (more) hydrogen (H+) ions and bases always contain (more) hydroxide (OH-) ions.

Question 2

What are the two types of acids + description of each ?

Answer 2

BINARY ACIDS
Contain only 2 elements, hydrogen and one other element.

OXYACIDS
Contain hydrogen, oxygen, and one
other element. They are the polyatomic ions that react with hydrogen.

Question 3

Rules for naming binary acids (give example).

Answer 3

1. Use HYDRO- as the prefix
2. Then add the stem name of the second element.
3. Add an -IC ending

HCl –> Hydrogen chloride –> Hydrochloric acid

Question 4

Rules for naming oxyacids (list an example).

Answer 4

1. The polyatomic ion ending, -ATE, is dropped.
2. The ending -IC acid is added to the stem name

***notice hydrogen nor hydro is mentioned

H2SO4 –> Sulfate –> Sulfuric acid

Question 5

Rules for naming bases (list an example).

Answer 5

The name for bases starts with a METAL and ends with HYDROXIDE. We use the criss-cross rule for the charges but don’t forget the brackets around the
hydroxide.

Sodium hydroxide –> Na(OH)

Question 6

List a few properties of acids.

Answer 6

–Non-metal oxide
–H+ ion is present in Solution
–Water-soluble
–Good conductor
–Sour taste
–Litmus paper turns from blue to red
–Bromothymol blue solution turns yellow
–Reacts with metals to produce hydrogen
-Produces carbon dioxide when reacted with carbonate compounds
–0-6.9 pH range
–Common household items: Vinegar, Lemon Juice

Question 7

List a few properties of Bases.

Answer 7

–Metal oxide
–OH- ion is present in Solution
–Water-soluble
–Good conductor
–Bitter taste
–Slippery feel
–Litmus paper turns from red to blue
–Bromothymol blue solution turns blue-purple
–7.00001-14 pH range
–Common household items: Bleach, Baking soda

Question 8

How to form an oxyacid or a base from an element ?

Answer 8

1. Combustion of the element to form an oxide
2. Combining the oxide and water in a synthesis reaction

C + O2 –> CO2 (combustion reaction)

CO2 + H2O –> H2CO3 (synthesis reaction)

Question 9

Magnesium (is it an acid or base)

Answer 9

2 Mg + O2 –> 2 MgO
MgO + H2O –> Mg(OH)2

Base

Question 10

Sulfur (is it an acid or base)

Answer 10

S8 + 8 O2 –> 8 SO2
SO2 + H2O –> H2SO4

Oxyacid