BIO 2.1 Plant and Animal Cells

Question 1

The Cell Theory

Answer 1

–All living things are made up of one or more cells.

–The cell is the simplest unit that can carry out all life processes.

–All cells come from other cells.

Question 2

Prokaryotes v.s Eukaryotes

Answer 2

PROKARYOTES
–Unicellular
–Includes Eubacteria and Archaebacteria
–Lack a nucleus
–Lack membranous organelles

EUKARYOTES
–Unicellular or multicellular
–Includes plants, animals, fungi and protists
–Membrane-bound nucleus
–Numerous membrane-bound
organelles

Question 3

Cytoplasm

Answer 3

STRUCTURE
Mostly water, but also stores other
substances.

FUNCTION
Space to contain cell organelles

Question 4

Cell Membrane

Answer 4

STRUCTURE
–Made of proteins and lipids (fats)
–Plasma membrane – fluid mosaic
model
–Duel layer.

FUNCTION
–Boundary of the cell
–Selectively permeable – controls what goes in and out

Question 5

Cell Wall

Answer 5

STRUCTURE
–Outside cell membrane
–Made of cellulose

FUNCTION
–Provides structure and
support for the cell
–Protection

Question 6

Nucleus

Answer 6

STRUCTURE
 DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) inside
 Surrounded by nuclear membrane
 Largest organelle in animal cells
 Roughly spherical

FUNCTION
 Controls all functions of cell
 Directs cell division and formation of cell structures

Question 7

Mitochondria

Answer 7

STRUCTURE
 Oval shaped
 Can be 1 or more depending on
need

FUNCTION
 Convert stored energy to usable energy (glucose) through cellular respiration

Question 8

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Answer 8

STRUCTURE
 3D network of tubes and pockets

FUNCTION
 Connects nuclear membrane to cell membrane
 Transport of materials through the cell

Question 9

Vacuole

Answer 9

STRUCTURE
 Membranous fluid-filled sac

FUNCTION
 For storing or removing substances from the cell
 In plants (stores water)

Question 10

Golgi Bodies

Answer 10

STRUCTURE
 Looks like a stack of pancakes

FUNCTION
 Collect and process materials to be removed from cell
 Makes mucous

Question 11

Chloroplasts

Answer 11

STRUCTURE
–Contains chlorophyll (green pigment)

FUNCTION
 Absorbs light (solar) energy, used to make own food (photosynthesis)

Question 12

Ribosome

Answer 12

STRUCTURE
–Located on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

FUNCTION
–Aid in production of proteins

Question 13

Differences between Plant and Animal cells

Answer 13

PLANT
–Largest organelle is the vacuole
–Contains chloroplasts
–Contains cell wall

ANIMAL
–Largest organelle is the nucleus
–Does not contain chloroplasts
– Does not contain cell wall