Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

20k3 Review > Chem > Flashcards

Chem Flashcards

1
Q

If the quantity of gas remains unchanged while its temperature increases, the volume of the gas will:

A

If the pressure remains constant, then the volume must increase.

The ideal gas law states that PV = nRT. If n (the quantity of gas) is constant and T (temperature) increases, then PV (pressure × volume) will increase.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which of the following compounds is a weak electrolyte?

BaCl
CH3OH
KOH
CH3COOH

A

CH3COOH –> Weak electrolyte
KOH and BaCl –> Strong electrolyte
CH3OH –> non-electrolyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q
A

H3O+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
A

Lewis acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Write out Kw, pH, pOH, and pKw

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Rank the colors of visible light in order from lowest frequency to highest.

A

By frequency Red< orange< yellow< green< blue< violet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Rank in order of wave length, from shortest to longest, the regions of the EM spectrum.

A

By wavelength, gamma rays <x-rays< ultraviolet< visible light< infrared< microwaves< radio waves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the key characteristics about photons an electron energy levels?

A
  1. A product of the wavelength and frequency of a photon is equal to 3.0 x 10^8 m/s
  2. The difference in energy between adjacent energy levels decreases as the energy level increase
  3. Energy of a photon is directly proportional to its frequency
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Visible light

A

ROYGBIV

400-700

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Kcat

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Absorption of ultraviolet light by organic molecules always results in what process?

A

Excitation of bound electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The half-life of a radioactive material is:

A

the time it takes for half of all the radioactive nuclei to decay into their daughter nuclei.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which property of a substance is best used to estimate its relative vapor pressure?

A

Boiling point

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the structural features possessed by storage lipids?

A

Three fatty acids ester-linked to a single glycerol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

It is possible to design a reactor where the SCY conductor and the nitrogen/ammonia electrode operate at different temperatures. Which combination of temperatures is expected to give the best results?

A

Conductor temperature higher than electrode temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Coordinate covalent

A

Lewis acid–base interaction between a metal cation and an electron pair donor is known as a coordinate covalent bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Least polar bonding

A

bonds between identical atoms are likely to be the least polar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which of the following energy conversions best describes what takes place in a battery-powered resistive circuit when the current is flowing?

A

Chemical to electric to thermal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Protein secondary structure is characterized by the pattern of hydrogen bonds between:

A

backbone amide protons and carbonyl oxygens.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Ubiquitination

A

targets a protein for degradation by a proteasome.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Glycolysis

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Electrophoresis

A

Purpose:
* separate things (DNA, RNA, proteins) by size
* separate proteins by isoelectric point

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Southern Blot

A

detect specific sequences of DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Northern blotting

A

Northern blotting:

to detect specific sequences of RNA

-usually used to determine expression, since you are
analyzing the mRNAs in a cell
-still use a DNA probe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Western Blot

A

to detect the presence of specific proteins in a sample

-sample can be isolated from specific cell types, or
blood, etc.

-can also determine size of protein

How to use:
1. Use a primary antibody, specific for your protein of interest,
to “find” the protein on the filter

  1. Use a secondary antibody, specific to the primary antibody,
    that has been tagged with an enzyme that will fluoresce
    when it encounters its substrate
  2. Expose the filter to the substrate to trigger fluorescence to
    visualize the protein
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Eastern Blot

A

to detect posttranslational modifications on proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

ELISA

A

to detect the presence of specific proteins in a sample

-detect antigen (e.g., bacterial surface proteins, viral
proteins, etc.) or antibodies

-similar to Western blot, but better info on amount of
protein in sample

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Vasopressin regulates the insertion of aquaporins into the apical membranes of the epithelial cells of which renal structure?

A

Collecting duct

29
Q

In humans, eggs and sperm are most similar with respect to:

A

genome size.

30
Q

In humans, the characteristic tissue of which of the following organs is NOT derived from mesoderm?

A

brain

31
Q

Lytic granules are generally released from CTLs when the T-cell receptors on these cells bind specifically to:

A

viral antigens presented on the surface of virus-infected cells.

32
Q

Ectoderm

A

hair, skin, nails, and nervous system

33
Q

Mesoderm

A

bones, blood vessels, muscles, the heart, and non gland organs (bladder, uterus)

34
Q

Endoderm

A

inner linings of things (digestive tract, respiratory tract) and glands (liver, pancreas)

35
Q

Learning Schedule

Variable Ratio

A

provides reinforcement
after an unpredictable
number of behaviors.

36
Q

Fixed Ratio

A

provides reinforcement after
a set number of behaviors.

37
Q

Variable Interval

A

provides reinforcement after an
inconsistent period of time.

38
Q

Fixed Interval

A

provides reinforcement after
a consistent period of time.

39
Q

Which finding best supports the linguistic relativity hypothesis?

A

Humans are better at distinguishing colors for which their language has a name.

40
Q

Broca’s Area

A

language production

41
Q

Wernickies Area

A

Understanding written and spoken language

42
Q

Dissociative disorder

A

spilt identity

43
Q

Some studies have found that increases in dopamine activity are associated with increased reward-seeking motivation. This finding suggests an association between dopamine levels and which type of learning?

A

Operant conditioning

44
Q

Meritocracy

A
  • higher social mobility
  • more dependent on effort
  • social status based on individual merit

ex) questioning assumptions about opportunity in American society.

45
Q

3 components of attitude

A

Affect: our feelings about the person, object, or event

Behavior: our internal and external responses to the person, object, or event

Cognition: our thoughts and beliefs about the person, object, or event

46
Q

Which type of psychoactive drug has the lowest risk of dependence?

A

Hallucinogens

47
Q

A dopamine agonist is found to have dose-dependent effects. Based on this finding, which correlation is most likely to be supported?

A

A positive correlation between the dose of the dopamine agonist and the intensity of euphoria experienced when the dopamine agonist is administered.

Because the agonist is said to have dose-dependent effects, a positive correlation between the dose and the intensity of euphoria experienced is most likely.

48
Q

Which individual-level effect is most similar to groupthink?

A

Confirmation bias

an individual’s confirmation bias causes the person to seek, and attend to, only information that confirms his or her existing point of view and to ignore disconfirming evidence.

49
Q

The left cerebral hemisphere in humans is most often linked with which cognitive function?

A

Vocabulary skills

50
Q

Research has shown that when individuals study material right before going to sleep, they perform better on a recall measure upon awakening compared to individuals who study and then watch a movie before going to sleep. Which memory construct provides the most likely explanation for these results?

A

Interference

51
Q

Individuals who have the ability to delay gratification in pursuit of long-term rewards are most likely to be categorized as having which type of intelligence?

A

Emotional

Emotionally intelligent people are self-aware and can delay gratification in pursuit of long-term rewards, rather than being overtaken by immediate impulses.

52
Q

Alzheimer’s disease

A
  • Amyloid plaques: clumps of protein fragments that accumulate outside of cells.
  • Neurofibrillary tangles: clumps of altered proteins inside cells.
53
Q

Parkinson’s disease

A

Parkinson’s disease is primarily caused by abnormally low dopamine levels.

  • Dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of the basal ganglia die off, making it harder to control movements.
  • Dopamine is involved in sending messages to areas of the brain that control coordination and movement.
  • Dopamine levels progressively drop, so symptoms gradually become more severe.
  • Abnormal aggregates of protein called Lewy bodies develop inside neurons.
54
Q

Which of the five senses is the only one that does NOT synapse with the thalamus before reaching its primary processing cortex?

A

** Olfaction**

Olfaction is the only sense that does not synapse with the thalamus before reaching its primary processing cortex. The olfactory bulb of the frontal lobe is connected directly to the nasal cavity by the olfactory nerve (cranial nerve I).

55
Q

convergent evolution

A

defined as a process whereby distantly related organisms independently evolve similar traits to adapt to similar needs.

56
Q

Another name for “protease”

A

Hydrolase

57
Q

histone acetylation

A

promotes transcription by modifying chromatin structure.

58
Q

Mucous secretions in the respiratory tract inhibit microbial infections. These secretions are produced by which of the tissue types found in the lungs?

A

Epithelial

59
Q

Within the intestines, unabsorbed fats are broken down into fatty acids by intestinal bacteria. Given this, excess unabsorbed fats most likely have which of the following effects within the intestines?

A

They increase the osmotic pressure within the intestines, leading to diarrhea.

an excess of unabsorbed fats in the intestines inhibits normal water and electrolyte absorption, resulting in increased osmotic pressure and diarrhea

60
Q

The most effective way for the body to utilize bone tissue to increase blood calcium levels would be to simultaneously:

A

decrease osteoblast activity and increase osteoclast activity.

while osteoblasts function to build and repair bone, osteoclasts break down bone. Therefore, to increase calcium levels in the blood, osteoblast activity should be decreased and osteoclast activity should be increased to release stored calcium from the bone to the bloodstream.

61
Q

filtrate passes through the tubular regions of a nephron?

A

Bowman’s capsule → proximal tubule → loop of Henle → distal tubule → collecting duct

62
Q

Flashbulb Memory

A

People can (or at least claim to) remember great detail about their episodic memories of particularly emotionally arousing events.

ex) 9/11

63
Q

The standard version of a dichotic listening task involves:

A

presenting two different auditory messages, one to each ear.

64
Q

Public health campaigns often target behaviors that are formed in adolescence. For example, alcohol, tobacco, and drug use interventions are often designed to prevent or delay risky behaviors because patterns established in adolescence are associated with disorders in adulthood. This example is best described as using which approach to health?

A

A life course perspective on health behavior

65
Q

A transient shortage of oxygen (global ischemia) releases excess glutamate into the extracellular fluid of the brain. This causes neuronal death by hyperexcitation to a greater extent in the hippocampus than in the cortex. Which reason best explains why the hippocampus is selectively vulnerable during global ischemia?

A

The expression of NMDA receptors is more abundant in hippocampal than cortical neurons.

NMDA receptors are a subtype of glutamate receptor. Higher expression of NDMA receptors in the hippocampus than the cortex would render the hippocampus more vulnerable to the excess release of extracellular glutamate.

66
Q

When an individual moves from one social class to another over the course of his or her lifetime, this process is defined as:

A

intragenerational mobility.

67
Q

When studying education as a social institution, the hidden curriculum constitutes:

A

a latent function of schools.

68
Q

In order to balance on one foot, many people need to have their eyes open. This is an example of:

A

sensory interaction.

20k3 Review (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions