Check Ride Prep C: Weather Flashcards

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1
Q

How to Get Wx

A

-Check Local Wx
-Wx Brief: STD, outlook, abreviated
-supplement w/ Foreflight

In Flight:
-ATIS/AWOS/ASOS
-Flight Service Station
-in flight wx
- pireps
- flight plans

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2
Q

PA.I.C.K3a Atmospheric Composition and Stability

A

Composition:
78% nitrogen
21% oxygen
1% trace gasses

Stability: The atmospheres ability to resist vertical development
-little to no turbulence; poor visibility

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3
Q

Stability

A

Stability: The atmospheres ability to resist vertical development
-little to no turbulence; poor visibility

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4
Q

Surface Analysis Charts

A

-Fronts
-Pressures
-Isobars: areas of same or like pressure
-close: heavily changing
pressure gradient (windy)

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5
Q

PA.I.C.K3b: Wind

A

-Windshear: dramatic change in windspeed and direction
-Mountain wave

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6
Q

PA.I.C.K3c: Temperature

A

-STD Temperature: 15 Celsius 59 F
-STD Pressure: 29.92” hg
-Temperature Inversion: warm air above
- STD Lapse: 2 Celsius per 1000’ 1.8F
- Atmospheric Lapse: 1”hg/1000’

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7
Q

PA.I.C.K3d: Moisture/Precipitation

A

Dewpoint: Temp @ which the air is completely saturated so visible moisture occurs

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8
Q

PA.I.C.K3e: Wx System Formation, Including Air Masses and Fronts

A

Pressure:
Low- inward, upward, ccw
High- outward, downward, cw
Trough- elongated area of low pressure
Ridge- elongated area of high pressure

Fronts:
-Warm: warm mass of air overtaking cold mass of air

-Cold: cold mass of air overtaking warm mass of air

-Stationary: two relatively = air masses where weather @ the boundary will prevail for days

-Occluded: when a fast moving cold front catches up to a slow moving warm front wx prevails followed by a cold front

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9
Q

PA.I.C.K3f: Clouds

A

Low: 6500’ AGL
Middle: 6500’ -20,000’
High: 20,000’+

Stratiform: Layered Clouds
Cumuliform: Puffy
Cirrus: High, Wispy

Nimbo: Rain
Lenticular: High Winds

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10
Q

PA.I.C.K3g: Turbulence

A

Irregular motion of vertical currents

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11
Q

PA.I.C.K3h: Thunderstorms and Microbursts

A

For thunderstorms to form:
1. moisture
2. lifting action
3. unstable atmosphere

3 Stages:
-cumulus: updrafts, storm builds
-mature: up + down drafts, rain @ surface
-dissipating: mostly down drafts, storm blowing itself out

VIRGA: rain that doesn’t reach the ground

Microbursts: most severe type of low level wind shear, associated w/ convective precipitation,
-Horizontal diameter 1-2 miles
-Depth 1000’, 5-10 minutes, 6000 FPM

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12
Q

PA.I.C.K3i: Icing and Freezing Level Information

A

Types of Ice:
-Clear
-Rime
-Mixed

Aircraft Icing:
-Structural
-Instrument
-Induction

To pick up ice:
-freezing level, freezing temp, and visible moisture

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13
Q

PA.I.C.K3j: Fog/Mist

A
  1. Advection: ocean -> land
    layer of warm moist air passes over cool land, passing dew point
  2. Upslope: moist stable air forced up sloping land fast due to wind
  3. Steam: land to sea
    cool dry air passes over warm water
  4. Ice: -25F water forms directly into ice crytsals
  5. Radiation: clear nights w/ little to no winds
    valleys
    warm ground cools overnight, condensing air
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14
Q

PA.I.C.K3k: Frost

A

-common on planes that have sat overnight when the temp goes below dewpoint & below freezing
-on preflight run hand over every surface
-do not take off w/ any ice

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15
Q

Coriolis Force

A

-the force caused by rotating of the earth
-why do winds aloft follow isobars: Coriolis force

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16
Q

Why do surface winds not follow isobars?

A

surface friction

17
Q

What causes wx?

A

uneven heating and cooling of the earth

18
Q

METAR

A

-Meteorological Airdrome Report
-Current wx @ surface, updated hourly
Valid for 2?

19
Q

TAF

A

-Terminal Airdrome Forecast
-Forecasted wx @ surface valid w/in 5 miles of station issued 4 times a day
-human reported

20
Q

ATIS

A

Automated Terminal Information Service

21
Q

AWOS

A

Automated Weather Observation Service

22
Q

ASOS

A

Automated Surface Observation Service

23
Q

PIREPS

A

Pilot reports

24
Q

Airmet

A

-GA
-Valid for 6 hours
T - turbulence
S - IFR
Z - Icing

25
Q

Sigmet

A

-Everyone
- Valid for 4 hours
T
Z

26
Q

Convective Sigmet

A

-Everyone
-Valid for 2 hours
T
Z
-Hail > 3/4”
- Winds +50 kts

27
Q

Area Forecast

A

Over several stated issued 3 times a day

28
Q

Wx Precipitation Chart

A

VFR, IFR, MVFR
-VFR: ceiling +3000’ vis +10 miles

29
Q

Radar Summary Chart

A

Precipitation

30
Q

Convective Outlook Chart

A

Thunderstorm forecast

31
Q

NOTAM

A

Notice to airmissions