CHD

Question 1

What does CHD stand for?

Answer 1

Coronary Heart Disease

Question 2

Give the 9 risk factors for CHD according to the NICE guidelines

Answer 2

High blood pressure, smoking, poor diet, high cholesterol, lack of physical activity, overweight, diabetes, psychological stress, excess alcohol consumption

Question 3

Why is high blood pressure a risk factor?

Answer 3

Increased pressure of blood flowing through the body can gradually cause damage to the arteries, leading to atherosclerosis. Also could cause aneruysm; constant pressure of blood moving through a weakened artery can cause a bulge that might rupture. Also can put strain on heart, causing failure, or cause left ventricle to thicken and stiffen because of increased hard work, leading to limited ability to pump.

Question 4

Why is smoking a risk?

Answer 4

Carbon monoxide from the smoke and nicotine make the heart work faster, and increase the risk of blood clots. Other chemicals in the smoke also can lead to damage to lining of arteries, leading to furring.

Question 5

Why is high cholesterol a risk?

Answer 5

Low density lipoprotein excess can lead to a build up along the vessels, thinning the pathway for the blood, increasing blood pressure. Blood clots can form on the plaques also.

Question 6

How much total blood cholesterol is the government recommendation?

Answer 6

less than 5mmol/litre

Question 7

Why is lack of physical activity a risk?

Answer 7

Secondary; physical activity reduces other risks

Question 8

According to a statement published by the WHO in 1994, what is the difference in risk between inactive and highly active people?

Answer 8

Twofold greater

Question 9

Why is diabetes a risk? and how much?

Answer 9

type 2 diabetes males 2-4 fold increase risk, 3-5 fold in females. Blood vessels damaged by high glucose levels.

Question 10

Why is excess alcohol consumption a risk?

Answer 10

Calories son

Question 11

What ages are at risk for CHD?

Answer 11

men: 45 women: 55 is when it increases

Question 12

What are three genetic risks for CHD?

Answer 12

familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL), Apo-E4 and HPA-2 Met

Question 13

What is FCHL?

Answer 13

A defect in the way the body metabolizes lipoproteins, leading to higher levels in LDL

Question 14

What is Apo-E4?

Answer 14

Lipid metabolism

Question 15

What is HPA-2 Met?

Answer 15

Variation of the platelet glycoprotein gene, makes the blood ‘stickier’

Question 16

What did WHO say in 2007 about CVD?

Answer 16

Leading cause of death globally

Question 17

What is atherosclerosis?

Answer 17

when the artery wall thickens as a result of the accumulation of calcium and cholesterol and trigycleride. Reduces the elasticity of the artery walls and allows less blood to travel through. Increases blood pressure and lets less blood travel through. Promoted by LDL.