ChChapter 3: Structure of an Atom Flashcards
What is an Atom?
An unbreakable particle
Who discovered the Law of Conservation of Mass?
Antoine Lavoisier (1743-1794)
What is the Law of Conservation of Mass?
When a chemical reaction occurs matter is not created or destroyed, purely added together.
What are the Foundational Ideas of Atomic Theory?
(a) all matter is comprised of atoms, (b) elements have properties unique to them
(c) chemical reactions causes a combination of elements
Who created the first periodic table?
Mendeleev
What is the Periodic Table?
A table organizing all discovered elements
What is Periodic Law?
When elements are placed in order by their atomic number, properties will repeat periodically
What is a period?
Rows on a periodic table housing elements with a similar energy level
What is a group?
Columns on the periodic table with similar reactivity
Where are metals located on the periodic table?
To the left of the periodic table
What are qualities of metals?
They are mostly solid, lusterous, conductive, and malleable
Where are Non-Metals found on the periodic table?
On the upper-right side of the periodic table, including hydrogen.
What are qualities of non-metals?
They are less dense, dull, insulators, and are easy to shatter
Where are metal-loids found on the periodic table?
Between metals and non-metals
What are the qualities of metalloids?
Uncommon, can be shiny and brittle
What is found within Group 1A on the periodic table?
Alkali Metals
What are the qualities of Alkali Metals?
They are easy to cut, and violently react to water
What is found in Group 2A on the periodic table?
Alkaline Earth Metals
What are the qualities of Alkaline Earth Metals?
They are found in Minerals, are less reactive than G1A, and burn brightly.
What is found in Group 7A on the periodic table.
Halogens
What are the qualities of Halogens?
Produce colored vapors, bond to themselves, and form many compounds
What is found in Group 8A on the periodic table?
Nobel Gases
What are the qualities of Noble Gases?
Clear gases at room temperature, seen by passing electricity through them, and are stable.
What is a subatomic particle?
What makes up an atom?
How were subatomic particles found?
Cathode Ray Experiment
What is an electron?
A particle with a negative charge
What was the Gold Foil Experiment?
An experiment that tested the structure of matter by hitting a thin piece of gold foil with an alpha particle source.
What was the conclusion of the Gold Foil Experiment?
It was found that particles would deflect; rutherford viewed the cause coming from the nucleus.
What charge does a proton have?
Positive charge
What charge does a neutron have?
Neutral
What is charge neutrality?
Neutral atoms must have equal amounts of protons and electrons
What does a Atomic Number show?
How many protons an atom has; determines which element it is.
What does the Mass Number show?
How many protons and neutrons are in the nucleus
What is an Isotope?
A element with a different amount of neutrons, but the same protons / electrons.
What are the three isotopes of Hydrogen?
Protium, Deuterium, and Tritium
What is Average Atomic Mass?
A weighted average of different isotopes of an element
