ChChapter 3: Structure of an Atom

Question 1

What is an Atom?

Answer 1

An unbreakable particle

Question 2

Who discovered the Law of Conservation of Mass?

Answer 2

Antoine Lavoisier (1743-1794)

Question 3

What is the Law of Conservation of Mass?

Answer 3

When a chemical reaction occurs matter is not created or destroyed, purely added together.

Question 4

What are the Foundational Ideas of Atomic Theory?

Answer 4

(a) all matter is comprised of atoms, (b) elements have properties unique to them
(c) chemical reactions causes a combination of elements

Question 5

Who created the first periodic table?

Answer 5

Mendeleev

Question 6

What is the Periodic Table?

Answer 6

A table organizing all discovered elements

Question 7

What is Periodic Law?

Answer 7

When elements are placed in order by their atomic number, properties will repeat periodically

Question 8

What is a period?

Answer 8

Rows on a periodic table housing elements with a similar energy level

Question 9

What is a group?

Answer 9

Columns on the periodic table with similar reactivity

Question 10

Where are metals located on the periodic table?

Answer 10

To the left of the periodic table

Question 11

What are qualities of metals?

Answer 11

They are mostly solid, lusterous, conductive, and malleable

Question 12

Where are Non-Metals found on the periodic table?

Answer 12

On the upper-right side of the periodic table, including hydrogen.

Question 13

What are qualities of non-metals?

Answer 13

They are less dense, dull, insulators, and are easy to shatter

Question 14

Where are metal-loids found on the periodic table?

Answer 14

Between metals and non-metals

Question 15

What are the qualities of metalloids?

Answer 15

Uncommon, can be shiny and brittle

Question 16

What is found within Group 1A on the periodic table?

Answer 16

Alkali Metals

Question 17

What are the qualities of Alkali Metals?

Answer 17

They are easy to cut, and violently react to water

Question 18

What is found in Group 2A on the periodic table?

Answer 18

Alkaline Earth Metals

Question 19

What are the qualities of Alkaline Earth Metals?

Answer 19

They are found in Minerals, are less reactive than G1A, and burn brightly.

Question 20

What is found in Group 7A on the periodic table.

Answer 20

Halogens

Question 21

What are the qualities of Halogens?

Answer 21

Produce colored vapors, bond to themselves, and form many compounds

Question 22

What is found in Group 8A on the periodic table?

Answer 22

Nobel Gases

Question 23

What are the qualities of Noble Gases?

Answer 23

Clear gases at room temperature, seen by passing electricity through them, and are stable.

Question 24

What is a subatomic particle?

Answer 24

What makes up an atom?

Question 25

How were subatomic particles found?

Answer 25

Cathode Ray Experiment

Question 26

What is an electron?

Answer 26

A particle with a negative charge

Question 27

What was the Gold Foil Experiment?

Answer 27

An experiment that tested the structure of matter by hitting a thin piece of gold foil with an alpha particle source.

Question 28

What was the conclusion of the Gold Foil Experiment?

Answer 28

It was found that particles would deflect; rutherford viewed the cause coming from the nucleus.

Question 29

What charge does a proton have?

Answer 29

Positive charge

Question 30

What charge does a neutron have?

Answer 30

Neutral

Question 31

What is charge neutrality?

Answer 31

Neutral atoms must have equal amounts of protons and electrons

Question 32

What does a Atomic Number show?

Answer 32

How many protons an atom has; determines which element it is.

Question 33

What does the Mass Number show?

Answer 33

How many protons and neutrons are in the nucleus

Question 34

What is an Isotope?

Answer 34

A element with a different amount of neutrons, but the same protons / electrons.

Question 35

What are the three isotopes of Hydrogen?

Answer 35

Protium, Deuterium, and Tritium

Question 36

What is Average Atomic Mass?

Answer 36

A weighted average of different isotopes of an element