Chapter 4: Light Flashcards
What is Light?
Light is a form of Electromagnetic radiation
What is Electromagnetic Radiation?
Energy found in photons, carried in waves
What is the Electromagnetic Spectrum?
A spectrum of types of light
What type of light has the lowest frequency & the longest wavelength?
TV / Radio waves
What type of light has the highest frequency & the shortest waves?
Gamma Rays
At what wavelength is light visable to the human eye?
Between 10^5 and 10^7 meters long
What is Wavelength (λ)?
The distance between two equivalent peaks of a wave
What is Frequency (V)?
How many waves (hertz) pass a point per second.
What is light commonly described by?
Its frequency, wavelength, and energy.
What is a flame test?
A test showing what colors metal ion emits when heated.
What is White Light?
Light that has a spectrum of many colors, some of which are not visable to the human eye.
What is Elemental Light?
Light that emits from a specific element
What is the Bohr Model?
An early model of the structure of an atom, created in 1913 by Niels Bohr.
Ground State is found when what occurs?
When all electrons in an atom reaches the lowest energy level.
What are the main points of the Bohr Model?
Electrons only occupy specific energy levels, and can jump between them
What did the Bohr Model Explain about the atom?
It explained some properties of main group elements, as well as the hydrogen line spectrum.
What did the Bohr Model not explain about the atom?
It did not explain the properties of transition elements, or the complex line spectrum.
What is the Quantum Model?
A modern model of the atom created by Einstein in the 1920s-30s.
What is the purpose of the Quantum Model?
To give probable locations of electrons in a atom
What is another name for Photons?
Quanta
What are the Main Ideas of the Quantum Model?
The Uncertainty Principle and the wave nature of electrons.
What is Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle?
It is impossible to know the exact energy and location of a particle at the same time.
What is an Energy Level?
Parts of an atom that holds electrons; the higher the level the more electrons can be held
How many electrons are found within a lvl 1 energy level?
2 Electrons
How many electrons are found within energy level 2?
8 Electrons
How many electrons are found with an energy level of 3?
18 Electrons
How many electrons are found within a energy level of 4?
32 Electrons
What sub-levels can be found within a energy level.
S, P, D, F
How many orbitals does sub-level s contain?
1 orbital
How many orbitals does sub-level p contain?
3 orbitals
How many orbitals does sub-level d contain?
5 orbitals
How many orbitals does sub-level f have?
7 obitals
Do the electrons in a orbital stack on top of each other when increasing in size?
Yes, the electrons within an orbital stack as the sub level increases.
What is a rule of an orbital?
A single orbital can only hold up to 2 electrons
What are the rules of an electron?
Electrons have a magnetic field called spin, and electrons with opposite spins pair together.
What is they Electron Configuration for Hydrogen?
1s^1
What is the electron Configuration of Helium?
1s^2
What is the electron Configuration of Oxygen?
1s^2 2s^2 2p^2
What is the Electron Config Order?
1s 2s 2p 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p
Hund’s Rule states what?
If empty orbitals of the same energy are available, electrons will singly occupy an orbital than being paired together.
What is a Valence Level?
The highest occupied electron energy level
What is the Valence Shell?
Electrons in the highest energy level
What determines a elements reactivity?
How many electrons are in the highest available energy level
How many electrons are in a valence level?
8
Where do reactions occur?
Valence Shell
The Octet Rule states..
An atom is stablized by having its highest-occupied energy level filled
What are the core electrons?
1s^2 2s^2 2p ^6
What is shorthand for the core electrons?
[NE]
More electrons equal
Higher Reactivity
