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CHM-101 > Chapter 4: Light > Flashcards

Chapter 4: Light Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Light?

A

Light is a form of Electromagnetic radiation

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2
Q

What is Electromagnetic Radiation?

A

Energy found in photons, carried in waves

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3
Q

What is the Electromagnetic Spectrum?

A

A spectrum of types of light

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4
Q

What type of light has the lowest frequency & the longest wavelength?

A

TV / Radio waves

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5
Q

What type of light has the highest frequency & the shortest waves?

A

Gamma Rays

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6
Q

At what wavelength is light visable to the human eye?

A

Between 10^5 and 10^7 meters long

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7
Q

What is Wavelength (λ)?

A

The distance between two equivalent peaks of a wave

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8
Q

What is Frequency (V)?

A

How many waves (hertz) pass a point per second.

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8
Q

What is light commonly described by?

A

Its frequency, wavelength, and energy.

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9
Q

What is a flame test?

A

A test showing what colors metal ion emits when heated.

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10
Q

What is White Light?

A

Light that has a spectrum of many colors, some of which are not visable to the human eye.

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11
Q

What is Elemental Light?

A

Light that emits from a specific element

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12
Q

What is the Bohr Model?

A

An early model of the structure of an atom, created in 1913 by Niels Bohr.

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13
Q

Ground State is found when what occurs?

A

When all electrons in an atom reaches the lowest energy level.

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14
Q

What are the main points of the Bohr Model?

A

Electrons only occupy specific energy levels, and can jump between them

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15
Q

What did the Bohr Model Explain about the atom?

A

It explained some properties of main group elements, as well as the hydrogen line spectrum.

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16
Q

What did the Bohr Model not explain about the atom?

A

It did not explain the properties of transition elements, or the complex line spectrum.

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17
Q

What is the Quantum Model?

A

A modern model of the atom created by Einstein in the 1920s-30s.

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18
Q

What is the purpose of the Quantum Model?

A

To give probable locations of electrons in a atom

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19
Q

What is another name for Photons?

A

Quanta

20
Q

What are the Main Ideas of the Quantum Model?

A

The Uncertainty Principle and the wave nature of electrons.

21
Q

What is Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle?

A

It is impossible to know the exact energy and location of a particle at the same time.

22
Q

What is an Energy Level?

A

Parts of an atom that holds electrons; the higher the level the more electrons can be held

23
Q

How many electrons are found within a lvl 1 energy level?

A

2 Electrons

24
Q

How many electrons are found within energy level 2?

A

8 Electrons

25
Q

How many electrons are found with an energy level of 3?

A

18 Electrons

26
Q

How many electrons are found within a energy level of 4?

A

32 Electrons

27
Q

What sub-levels can be found within a energy level.

A

S, P, D, F

28
Q

How many orbitals does sub-level s contain?

A

1 orbital

29
Q

How many orbitals does sub-level p contain?

A

3 orbitals

30
Q

How many orbitals does sub-level d contain?

A

5 orbitals

31
Q

How many orbitals does sub-level f have?

A

7 obitals

32
Q

Do the electrons in a orbital stack on top of each other when increasing in size?

A

Yes, the electrons within an orbital stack as the sub level increases.

33
Q

What is a rule of an orbital?

A

A single orbital can only hold up to 2 electrons

34
Q

What are the rules of an electron?

A

Electrons have a magnetic field called spin, and electrons with opposite spins pair together.

35
Q

What is they Electron Configuration for Hydrogen?

A

1s^1

36
Q

What is the electron Configuration of Helium?

A

1s^2

37
Q

What is the electron Configuration of Oxygen?

A

1s^2 2s^2 2p^2

38
Q

What is the Electron Config Order?

A

1s 2s 2p 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p

39
Q

Hund’s Rule states what?

A

If empty orbitals of the same energy are available, electrons will singly occupy an orbital than being paired together.

40
Q

What is a Valence Level?

A

The highest occupied electron energy level

41
Q

What is the Valence Shell?

A

Electrons in the highest energy level

42
Q

What determines a elements reactivity?

A

How many electrons are in the highest available energy level

43
Q

How many electrons are in a valence level?

A

8

44
Q

Where do reactions occur?

A

Valence Shell

45
Q

The Octet Rule states..

A

An atom is stablized by having its highest-occupied energy level filled

46
Q

What are the core electrons?

A

1s^2 2s^2 2p ^6

47
Q

What is shorthand for the core electrons?

A

[NE]

48
Q

More electrons equal

A

Higher Reactivity

CHM-101 (6 decks)

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