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Medical Terminology > Chatper 12 - Urology and Nephrology: Urinary System and Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

Chatper 12 - Urology and Nephrology: Urinary System and Male Reproductive System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

balan/o

A

glans penis

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2
Q

cyst/o

A

bladder

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3
Q

epidiym/o

A

epididymis

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4
Q

glomerul/o

A

glomerulus

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5
Q

lith/o

A

stone

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6
Q

nephr/o

A

kidney

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7
Q

orchid/o

A

testes

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8
Q

orchi/o

A

testes

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9
Q

orch/o

A

testes

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10
Q

prostat/o

A

prostate gland

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11
Q

pyel/o

A

renal pelvis

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12
Q

ren/o

A

kidney

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13
Q

semin/i

A

semen

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14
Q

spermat/o

A

sperm

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15
Q

sperm/o

A

sperm

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16
Q

testicul/o

A

testicle

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17
Q

ur/o

A

urine

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18
Q

ureter/o

A

ureter

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19
Q

urethr/o

A

urethra

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20
Q

urin/o

A

urine

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21
Q

vas/o

A

vas deferens

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22
Q

vesicul/o

A

seminal vesicle

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23
Q

albumin/o

A

albumin

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24
Q

azot/o

A

nitrogen waste

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25
Q

bacteri/o

A

bacteria

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26
Q

corpor/o

A

body

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27
Q

crypt/o

A

hidden

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28
Q

genit/o

A

genitals

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29
Q

glycos/o

A

sugar, glucose

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30
Q

hemat/o

A

blood

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31
Q

hem/o

A

blood

32
Q

hydr/o

A

water

33
Q

noct/i

A

night

34
Q

olig/o

A

scanty

35
Q

py/o

A

pus

36
Q

rect/o

A

rectum

37
Q

ven/o

A

vein

38
Q

benign prostatic hypertrophy (BHP)

A

Noncancerous enlargement of prostate gland; condition places pressure on urethra and narrows it resulting in frequency, urgency and nocturne; commonly seen in males over age 50

39
Q

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

A

Blood test to determine kidney function by measuring level of nitrogenous waste, urea, in blood

40
Q

calculus

A

Term for “stone formed within organ”; most are formed from mineral salts; commonly found in kindey, renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, or urethra; plural is calculi

41
Q

chlamydia

A

Bacterial sexually transmitted disease; causes inflammation of urethra of males or cervix of females with purulent discharge

42
Q

circumcision

A

Surgical removal of prepuce or foreskin from glans penis; commonly performed on newborn male at request of parents; primary reason is for ease of hygiene; also a ritual practiced in some religions

43
Q

clean catch specimen (CC)

A

Procedure for obtaining urine sample after cleaning off urethral meatus and catching urine in midstream (halfway through urination process) to minimize contamination from skin

44
Q

digital rectal exam (DRE)

A

Direct examination for presence of enlarged prostate gland performed by palpating (feeling) prostate gland with fingers (digitals) through wall of rectum

45
Q

erectile dysfunction (ED)

A

Inability to achieve erection of penis for coitus, also called impotence

46
Q

extracoporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL)

A

Treatment procedure for urinary system stones; utilizes ultrasound waves to break up stones; process is noninvasive, meaning it does not require surgery

47
Q

frequency

A

Condition of feeling urge to urinate more often than normal but without increase in total daily volume of urine; can indicate inflammation of bladder or urethra or benign prostatic hypertrophy

48
Q

genital herpes

A

Highly infection viral sexually transmitted disease; causes blister like lesions on penis of males or cervix and vagina of females

49
Q

gonorrhea

A

Bacterial sexually transmitted disease; infects mucous membranes and can spread throughout entire genitourinary system; often does not cause many symptoms until widespread

50
Q

hemodialysis (HD)

A

Treatment for renal failure using artificial kidney machine to filter waste from blood

51
Q

hesitancy

A

State of difficulty initiation flor of urine; often symptom of blockage along urethra, such as caused by benign prostatic hypertrophy

52
Q

hydrocele

A

Accumulation of fluid within scrotum

53
Q

intravenous pyelogram (IVP)

A

X-ray of kidney following injection of dye into vein to visualize renal pelvis as kidney filters dye out of bloodstream and puts it into urine

54
Q

peritoneal dialysis

A

Artificial means to remove waste substances from body by placing warm, chemically balanced solutions into peritoneal cavity; treatment for renal failure

55
Q

phimosis

A

Narrowing of prepuce over glans penis; can cause difficulty with urination and infection treatment is circumcision

56
Q

polycystic kidney disease (PKD)

A

Inherited kidney disease characterized by presence of multiple cysts throughout kidney tissue; eventually destroys kidneys and results in kidney failure

57
Q

prostate-specific antigen (PSA)

A

Blood test to screen for prostate cancer

58
Q

prostatic cancer

A

Common and slow-growing cancer of prostate gland occurring in males over age 50; prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test is used to assist in early detection of this ddisease

59
Q

renal failure

A

Inability of kidneys to filter wastes from blood and/or produce urine; treatment of severe renal failure is dialysis or renal transplant

60
Q

renal transplant

A

Replacement of diseased kidney by donor kidney

61
Q

retrograde pyelogram (RP)

A

X-ray of urinary bladder, ureters, and renal pelvis following insertion of dye through urethra

62
Q

semen analysis

A

Evaluation of semen for fertility; sperm in semen analyzed for number, swimming strength, and shape; procedure would also be used to determine whether vasectomy has been successful

63
Q

sexually transmitted disease (STD)

A

Contagious disease acquired through sexual contact; formerly referred to as veneral disease (VD)

64
Q

sterility

A

Inability to produce children; in males, usually due to problem with sperm production, such as aspermia or oligospermia; also called infertility

65
Q

syphilis

A

Bacterial sexually transmitted disease; begins as localized ulcer at point of infection; chronic disease that spreads through lymph nodes to nervous system after years, causing death

66
Q

testicular cancer

A

Cancer of one or both testicles; commonly seen in young men or boys

67
Q

transurethral resection

A

Surgical removal of prostate gland tissue by inserting device called resectoscope through urethra and removing prostate tissue

68
Q

trichomoniasis

A

Protozoan sexually transmitted disease; causes inflammation of genitourinary tract in both men and women

69
Q

undescended testicle

A

Congenital anomaly involving failure of one or both of testes to descend into scrotal sac before birth; surgical procedure called orchiopexy can be required to bring testes down into scrotum permanently; also called cryptorchism

70
Q

urgency

A

Force or impulse of needing need to urinate immediately

71
Q

urinalysis (U/A, UA)

A

Laboratory test that consists of physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine

72
Q

urinary catheterization (cath)

A

Insertion of flexible tube, catheter, into urinary bladder through urethra, used to withdraw urine or insert dye

73
Q

urinary incontinence

A

Involuntary urination; also called enuresis

74
Q

urinary tract infection (UTI)

A

Infection of urethra and/or urinary bladder

75
Q

urine culture & sensitivity (C&S)

A

Diagnostic lab procedure that identifies bacterial infection of urinary system and determines best antibiotic to treat it; involves growing bacteria in culture medium and testing different antibiotics on it

76
Q

varicocele

A

Development of varicose veins of veins leading to testes in scrotum

77
Q

voiding cystourethrography (VCUG)

A

X-ray made while patient voids dye that has been placed in urinary bladder through urethra

Medical Terminology (5 decks)

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