Chatper 12 - Urology and Nephrology: Urinary System and Male Reproductive System Flashcards
balan/o
glans penis
cyst/o
bladder
epidiym/o
epididymis
glomerul/o
glomerulus
lith/o
stone
nephr/o
kidney
orchid/o
testes
orchi/o
testes
orch/o
testes
prostat/o
prostate gland
pyel/o
renal pelvis
ren/o
kidney
semin/i
semen
spermat/o
sperm
sperm/o
sperm
testicul/o
testicle
ur/o
urine
ureter/o
ureter
urethr/o
urethra
urin/o
urine
vas/o
vas deferens
vesicul/o
seminal vesicle
albumin/o
albumin
azot/o
nitrogen waste
bacteri/o
bacteria
corpor/o
body
crypt/o
hidden
genit/o
genitals
glycos/o
sugar, glucose
hemat/o
blood
hem/o
blood
hydr/o
water
noct/i
night
olig/o
scanty
py/o
pus
rect/o
rectum
ven/o
vein
benign prostatic hypertrophy (BHP)
Noncancerous enlargement of prostate gland; condition places pressure on urethra and narrows it resulting in frequency, urgency and nocturne; commonly seen in males over age 50
blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
Blood test to determine kidney function by measuring level of nitrogenous waste, urea, in blood
calculus
Term for “stone formed within organ”; most are formed from mineral salts; commonly found in kindey, renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, or urethra; plural is calculi
chlamydia
Bacterial sexually transmitted disease; causes inflammation of urethra of males or cervix of females with purulent discharge
circumcision
Surgical removal of prepuce or foreskin from glans penis; commonly performed on newborn male at request of parents; primary reason is for ease of hygiene; also a ritual practiced in some religions
clean catch specimen (CC)
Procedure for obtaining urine sample after cleaning off urethral meatus and catching urine in midstream (halfway through urination process) to minimize contamination from skin
digital rectal exam (DRE)
Direct examination for presence of enlarged prostate gland performed by palpating (feeling) prostate gland with fingers (digitals) through wall of rectum
erectile dysfunction (ED)
Inability to achieve erection of penis for coitus, also called impotence
extracoporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL)
Treatment procedure for urinary system stones; utilizes ultrasound waves to break up stones; process is noninvasive, meaning it does not require surgery
frequency
Condition of feeling urge to urinate more often than normal but without increase in total daily volume of urine; can indicate inflammation of bladder or urethra or benign prostatic hypertrophy
genital herpes
Highly infection viral sexually transmitted disease; causes blister like lesions on penis of males or cervix and vagina of females
gonorrhea
Bacterial sexually transmitted disease; infects mucous membranes and can spread throughout entire genitourinary system; often does not cause many symptoms until widespread
hemodialysis (HD)
Treatment for renal failure using artificial kidney machine to filter waste from blood
hesitancy
State of difficulty initiation flor of urine; often symptom of blockage along urethra, such as caused by benign prostatic hypertrophy
hydrocele
Accumulation of fluid within scrotum
intravenous pyelogram (IVP)
X-ray of kidney following injection of dye into vein to visualize renal pelvis as kidney filters dye out of bloodstream and puts it into urine
peritoneal dialysis
Artificial means to remove waste substances from body by placing warm, chemically balanced solutions into peritoneal cavity; treatment for renal failure
phimosis
Narrowing of prepuce over glans penis; can cause difficulty with urination and infection treatment is circumcision
polycystic kidney disease (PKD)
Inherited kidney disease characterized by presence of multiple cysts throughout kidney tissue; eventually destroys kidneys and results in kidney failure
prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
Blood test to screen for prostate cancer
prostatic cancer
Common and slow-growing cancer of prostate gland occurring in males over age 50; prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test is used to assist in early detection of this ddisease
renal failure
Inability of kidneys to filter wastes from blood and/or produce urine; treatment of severe renal failure is dialysis or renal transplant
renal transplant
Replacement of diseased kidney by donor kidney
retrograde pyelogram (RP)
X-ray of urinary bladder, ureters, and renal pelvis following insertion of dye through urethra
semen analysis
Evaluation of semen for fertility; sperm in semen analyzed for number, swimming strength, and shape; procedure would also be used to determine whether vasectomy has been successful
sexually transmitted disease (STD)
Contagious disease acquired through sexual contact; formerly referred to as veneral disease (VD)
sterility
Inability to produce children; in males, usually due to problem with sperm production, such as aspermia or oligospermia; also called infertility
syphilis
Bacterial sexually transmitted disease; begins as localized ulcer at point of infection; chronic disease that spreads through lymph nodes to nervous system after years, causing death
testicular cancer
Cancer of one or both testicles; commonly seen in young men or boys
transurethral resection
Surgical removal of prostate gland tissue by inserting device called resectoscope through urethra and removing prostate tissue
trichomoniasis
Protozoan sexually transmitted disease; causes inflammation of genitourinary tract in both men and women
undescended testicle
Congenital anomaly involving failure of one or both of testes to descend into scrotal sac before birth; surgical procedure called orchiopexy can be required to bring testes down into scrotum permanently; also called cryptorchism
urgency
Force or impulse of needing need to urinate immediately
urinalysis (U/A, UA)
Laboratory test that consists of physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine
urinary catheterization (cath)
Insertion of flexible tube, catheter, into urinary bladder through urethra, used to withdraw urine or insert dye
urinary incontinence
Involuntary urination; also called enuresis
urinary tract infection (UTI)
Infection of urethra and/or urinary bladder
urine culture & sensitivity (C&S)
Diagnostic lab procedure that identifies bacterial infection of urinary system and determines best antibiotic to treat it; involves growing bacteria in culture medium and testing different antibiotics on it
varicocele
Development of varicose veins of veins leading to testes in scrotum
voiding cystourethrography (VCUG)
X-ray made while patient voids dye that has been placed in urinary bladder through urethra
