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Medical Terminology > Chapter 10 - Pulmonology: Respiratory System > Flashcards

Chapter 10 - Pulmonology: Respiratory System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

alveol/o

A

alveolus; air sac

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2
Q

bronch/o

A

bronchus

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3
Q

bronchi/o

A

bronchus

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4
Q

bronchiol/o

A

bronchiole

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5
Q

coni/o

A

dust

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6
Q

cyan/o

A

blue

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7
Q

lob/o

A

lobe

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8
Q

mediastin/o

A

mediastinum

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9
Q

ox/i

A

oxygen

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10
Q

pleur/o

A

pleura

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11
Q

pneum/o

A

lung, air

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12
Q

pneumon/o

A

lung

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13
Q

pulmon/o

A

lung

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14
Q

spir/o

A

breathing

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15
Q

thorac/o

A

chest

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16
Q

trache/o

A

trachea, windpipe

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17
Q

angi/o

A

vessel

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18
Q

arteri/o

A

artery

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19
Q

atel/o

A

incomplete

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20
Q

carcin/o

A

cancer

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21
Q

cardi/o

A

heart

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22
Q

cyt/o

A

cell

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23
Q

embol/o

A

plug

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24
Q

fibr/o

A

fibrous

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25
Q

hem/o

A

blood

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26
Q

orth/o

A

straight

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27
Q

py/o

A

pus

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28
Q

adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

A

Acute respiratory failure in adults characterized by tachypnea, dyspnea, cyanosis, tachycardia, and hypoxia

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29
Q

arterial blood gasses (ABGs)

A

Laboratory test for levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide present in blood

30
Q

asphyxia, asphyxiation

A

Lack of oxygen that can lead to unconsciousness and death if not corrected immediately; some common causes are drowning, foreign body in respiratory tract, poisoning, and electric shock; also called suffocation

31
Q

aspirate

A

Inhaling fluid or foreign object into airways

32
Q

asthma

A

Disease caused by various conditions, such as allergies, and resulting in bronchospasm, excessive mucus production, inflammation, airway constriction, wheezing, and coughing

33
Q

atelectasis

A

Condition in which lung tissue collapses, preventing respiratory exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

34
Q

bronchodilator

A

Any medication that causes bronchi to dilate

35
Q

bronchogenic carcinoma

A

Malignant lung tumor that originates in bronchi; often associated with a history of cigarette smoking

36
Q

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

A

Combination of external compressions on sternum and mouth to mouth breathing to maintain blood flow and air movement in and out of lungs during cardiac and respiratory arrest

37
Q

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A

Progressive, chronic, and usually irreversible condition in which air flow to and from lungs is decreased; patient can have severe dyspnea with exertion and cough; also called chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD)

38
Q

croup

A

Acute viral infrection in infants and children; symptoms include dyspnea and a characteristic barking cough

39
Q

cystic fibrosis (CF)

A

Genetic condition that causes patient to produce very thick mucus resulting in sever congestion within lungs and digestive system

40
Q

emphysema

A

Pulmonary condition resulting from destruction of alveolar walls leading to overinflated alveoli; can occur as result of long-term heavy smoking or exposure to air pollution, characterized by dyspnea on exertion

41
Q

endotracheal (ET) intubation

A

Placing tube through mouth and into trachea to maintain open airway and facilitate artificial ventilation

42
Q

hyperventilation

A

To breath too quickly (tachypnea) and too deeply (hyperpnea)

43
Q

hypoventilation

A

To breathe too slowly (bradypnea) and too shallowly (hypopnea)_

44
Q

hypoxia

A

Having insufficient amount of oxygen in body

45
Q

infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS)

A

Condition seen in premature infants whose lungs have not had time to fully develop; lungs are not able to expand fully, causing extreme difficulty in breathing and can result in death; also known as hyaline membrane disease (HMD)

46
Q

influenza (flu)

A

Acute viral infection of airways; usually highly contagious; symptoms include chills, fever, body aches, and dry cough

47
Q

intermittent positive pressure breathing (IPPB)

A

Method of artificial ventilation using mask connected to machine that produces pressure to assist air to fill lungs

48
Q

phlegm

A

Thick mucus secreted by mucous membranes lining respiratory tract; phlegm is coughed through mouth is called sputum

49
Q

pleural effusion

A

Abnormal presence of fluid or gas in pleural cavity; presence of this fluid can be detected by tapping chest (percussion) or listening with stethoscope (auscultation)

50
Q

pleurisy

A

Inflammation of pleura

51
Q

Pneumonia

A

Acute inflammatory condition of lung, which can be caused by bacterial and viral infections, diseases, and chemicals; sever dyspnea and death can result when alveoli fill with fluid (pulmonary infiltrate)

52
Q

pneumothorax

A

Collection of air or gas in pleural cavity, which can result in collapse of lung

53
Q

postural drainage

A

Drainage of secretions from bronchi by placing patien in position that uses gravity to promote drainage; used for treatment of cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis

54
Q

pulmonary angiography

A

Injecting dye into blood vessel for purpose of taking x-ray of arteries and veins of lungs; test for pulmonary embolism

55
Q

pulmonary edema

A

Condition in which lung tissue retains excessive amount of fluid; results in dyspnea

56
Q

pulmonary embolism (PE)

A

Blood clot of air bubble in pulmonary artery or one of its branches; results in infarct of lung tissue

57
Q

pulmonary function test (PFT)

A

Diagnostic procedure to assess respiratory function by using spirometer to measure air flow and lung volumes; often performed by respiratory therapists

58
Q

purulent

A

Containing pus, as in purulent sputum

59
Q

rales

A

Abnormal “crackling” sound made during inhalation; caused by mucus or fluid in airways

60
Q

respiratory rate (RR)

A

Number of breaths per minute; one of vital signs (respiratory rate, heart rate, temperature, blood pressure)

61
Q

rhonchi

A

Whistling sound that can be heard during either inhalation or exhalation; caused by narrowing of bronchi as in asthma or infection; also called wheezing

62
Q

sever acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

A

Severe and highly contagious viral lung infection with high fever; threatened worldwide epidemic in 2003

63
Q

sputum

A

Mucus of phlegm coughed up and spit out from respiratory tract

64
Q

sputum culture and sensitivity (C&S)

A

Testing sputum by placing it on culture medium and observing any bacterial growth specimen tested to determine selection of effective antibiotic

65
Q

sputum cytology

A

Examination of sputum for malignant cells

66
Q

sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

A

Unexpected and unexplained death of apparently well infant; sleep apnea, airway spasms, and failure of nerves to stimulate diaphragm have been studied as possible causes

67
Q

sweat test

A

Diagnositc test for cystic fibrosis; children with this disease lose excessive amount of salt in their sweat

68
Q

tuberculin skin tests

A

Diagnostic test for exposure to tuberculosis bacteria by applying chemical agent (Tine or Mantoux tests) under surface of skin and evaluating site for reaction

69
Q

tuberculosis (TB)

A

Infectious disease caused by tubercle bacillus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis; most commonly affects respiratory system and causes inflammation and calcification in lungs

70
Q

ventilation-perfusion scan

A

Nuclear medicine image particularly useful in diagnosing pulmonary emboli; involves inhalation of radioactive tagged air to evaluate air movement (ventilation) and injection of radioactive tagged dye into blood stream to evaluate blood flow (perfusion) to lungs

71
Q

ventilator

A

Mechanical device to assist patient to breathe; also called respirator

Medical Terminology (5 decks)

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