Chapter 10 - Pulmonology: Respiratory System Flashcards
1
Q
alveol/o
A
alveolus; air sac
2
Q
bronch/o
A
bronchus
3
Q
bronchi/o
A
bronchus
4
Q
bronchiol/o
A
bronchiole
5
Q
coni/o
A
dust
6
Q
cyan/o
A
blue
7
Q
lob/o
A
lobe
8
Q
mediastin/o
A
mediastinum
9
Q
ox/i
A
oxygen
10
Q
pleur/o
A
pleura
11
Q
pneum/o
A
lung, air
12
Q
pneumon/o
A
lung
13
Q
pulmon/o
A
lung
14
Q
spir/o
A
breathing
15
Q
thorac/o
A
chest
16
Q
trache/o
A
trachea, windpipe
17
Q
angi/o
A
vessel
18
Q
arteri/o
A
artery
19
Q
atel/o
A
incomplete
20
Q
carcin/o
A
cancer
21
Q
cardi/o
A
heart
22
Q
cyt/o
A
cell
23
Q
embol/o
A
plug
24
Q
fibr/o
A
fibrous
25
hem/o
blood
26
orth/o
straight
27
py/o
pus
28
adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
Acute respiratory failure in adults characterized by tachypnea, dyspnea, cyanosis, tachycardia, and hypoxia
29
arterial blood gasses (ABGs)
Laboratory test for levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide present in blood
30
asphyxia, asphyxiation
Lack of oxygen that can lead to unconsciousness and death if not corrected immediately; some common causes are drowning, foreign body in respiratory tract, poisoning, and electric shock; also called suffocation
31
aspirate
Inhaling fluid or foreign object into airways
32
asthma
Disease caused by various conditions, such as allergies, and resulting in bronchospasm, excessive mucus production, inflammation, airway constriction, wheezing, and coughing
33
atelectasis
Condition in which lung tissue collapses, preventing respiratory exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
34
bronchodilator
Any medication that causes bronchi to dilate
35
bronchogenic carcinoma
Malignant lung tumor that originates in bronchi; often associated with a history of cigarette smoking
36
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
Combination of external compressions on sternum and mouth to mouth breathing to maintain blood flow and air movement in and out of lungs during cardiac and respiratory arrest
37
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Progressive, chronic, and usually irreversible condition in which air flow to and from lungs is decreased; patient can have severe dyspnea with exertion and cough; also called chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD)
38
croup
Acute viral infrection in infants and children; symptoms include dyspnea and a characteristic barking cough
39
cystic fibrosis (CF)
Genetic condition that causes patient to produce very thick mucus resulting in sever congestion within lungs and digestive system
40
emphysema
Pulmonary condition resulting from destruction of alveolar walls leading to overinflated alveoli; can occur as result of long-term heavy smoking or exposure to air pollution, characterized by dyspnea on exertion
41
endotracheal (ET) intubation
Placing tube through mouth and into trachea to maintain open airway and facilitate artificial ventilation
42
hyperventilation
To breath too quickly (tachypnea) and too deeply (hyperpnea)
43
hypoventilation
To breathe too slowly (bradypnea) and too shallowly (hypopnea)_
44
hypoxia
Having insufficient amount of oxygen in body
45
infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS)
Condition seen in premature infants whose lungs have not had time to fully develop; lungs are not able to expand fully, causing extreme difficulty in breathing and can result in death; also known as hyaline membrane disease (HMD)
46
influenza (flu)
Acute viral infection of airways; usually highly contagious; symptoms include chills, fever, body aches, and dry cough
47
intermittent positive pressure breathing (IPPB)
Method of artificial ventilation using mask connected to machine that produces pressure to assist air to fill lungs
48
phlegm
Thick mucus secreted by mucous membranes lining respiratory tract; phlegm is coughed through mouth is called sputum
49
pleural effusion
Abnormal presence of fluid or gas in pleural cavity; presence of this fluid can be detected by tapping chest (percussion) or listening with stethoscope (auscultation)
50
pleurisy
Inflammation of pleura
51
Pneumonia
Acute inflammatory condition of lung, which can be caused by bacterial and viral infections, diseases, and chemicals; sever dyspnea and death can result when alveoli fill with fluid (pulmonary infiltrate)
52
pneumothorax
Collection of air or gas in pleural cavity, which can result in collapse of lung
53
postural drainage
Drainage of secretions from bronchi by placing patien in position that uses gravity to promote drainage; used for treatment of cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis
54
pulmonary angiography
Injecting dye into blood vessel for purpose of taking x-ray of arteries and veins of lungs; test for pulmonary embolism
55
pulmonary edema
Condition in which lung tissue retains excessive amount of fluid; results in dyspnea
56
pulmonary embolism (PE)
Blood clot of air bubble in pulmonary artery or one of its branches; results in infarct of lung tissue
57
pulmonary function test (PFT)
Diagnostic procedure to assess respiratory function by using spirometer to measure air flow and lung volumes; often performed by respiratory therapists
58
purulent
Containing pus, as in purulent sputum
59
rales
Abnormal "crackling" sound made during inhalation; caused by mucus or fluid in airways
60
respiratory rate (RR)
Number of breaths per minute; one of vital signs (respiratory rate, heart rate, temperature, blood pressure)
61
rhonchi
Whistling sound that can be heard during either inhalation or exhalation; caused by narrowing of bronchi as in asthma or infection; also called wheezing
62
sever acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
Severe and highly contagious viral lung infection with high fever; threatened worldwide epidemic in 2003
63
sputum
Mucus of phlegm coughed up and spit out from respiratory tract
64
sputum culture and sensitivity (C&S)
Testing sputum by placing it on culture medium and observing any bacterial growth specimen tested to determine selection of effective antibiotic
65
sputum cytology
Examination of sputum for malignant cells
66
sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
Unexpected and unexplained death of apparently well infant; sleep apnea, airway spasms, and failure of nerves to stimulate diaphragm have been studied as possible causes
67
sweat test
Diagnositc test for cystic fibrosis; children with this disease lose excessive amount of salt in their sweat
68
tuberculin skin tests
Diagnostic test for exposure to tuberculosis bacteria by applying chemical agent (Tine or Mantoux tests) under surface of skin and evaluating site for reaction
69
tuberculosis (TB)
Infectious disease caused by tubercle bacillus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis; most commonly affects respiratory system and causes inflammation and calcification in lungs
70
ventilation-perfusion scan
Nuclear medicine image particularly useful in diagnosing pulmonary emboli; involves inhalation of radioactive tagged air to evaluate air movement (ventilation) and injection of radioactive tagged dye into blood stream to evaluate blood flow (perfusion) to lungs
71
ventilator
Mechanical device to assist patient to breathe; also called respirator
