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Medical Terminology > Chapter 9 - Immunology: Immune System > Flashcards

Chapter 9 - Immunology: Immune System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

adenoid/o

A

adenoids

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2
Q

immun/o

A

protection

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3
Q

lymph/o

A

lymph

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4
Q

lymphaden/o

A

lymph node

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5
Q

lymphangi/o

A

lymph vessel

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6
Q

path/o

A

disease

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7
Q

phag/o

A

eating

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8
Q

splen/o

A

spleen

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9
Q

thym/o

A

thymus

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10
Q

tonsill/o

A

tonsils

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11
Q

cortic/o

A

cortex

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12
Q

cyt/o

A

cell

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13
Q

system/o

A

system

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14
Q

AIDS-related complex (ARC)

A

Early stage of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in which mild symptoms of infection are present, including lymphadenopathy, fatigue, fever, night sweats, weight loss, and diarrhea

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15
Q

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

A

Later stage of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection when the cells of the immue system lose their ability to fight off infection; patients become unable to resist opportunistic infections such as Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and Kaposi sarcoma

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16
Q

allergist

A

Physician specializing in diagnosis and treatment of allergies

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17
Q

allergy

A

Hypersensitivity to a common substance in environment (such as pollen), to food, or to medication

18
Q

anaphylactic shock

A

Life-threatening condition resulting from severe allergic reaction causing cardiovascular and respiratory problems; may be triggered by bee stings, medications, or certain foods; also called anaphylaxis

19
Q

antihistamine

A

Medication that blocks effects of histamine released by body during allergic reactions

20
Q

antinuclear antibody titer (ANA)

A

Blood test that determines number of antibodies against cell nuclei present in bloodstream; elevated in autoimmune conditions

21
Q

autoimmune disease

A

Disease resulting from body’s immune system attacking its own cells as if they were pathogens; examples include systemic lupus erythematosus and sarcoidosis

22
Q

corticosteroids

A

Hormones produced by adrenal cortex; used as medication to treat autoimmune diseases due to their very strong anti-inflammatory peroperties

23
Q

cytotoxic cells

A

Cells capable of physically attacking and killing pathogens or diseased cells

24
Q

elephantiasis

A

Results from blockage of lymphatic vessels that causes extreme tissue edema

25
Q

enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

A

Blood test for antibody to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) virus; positive results means the person has been exposed to virus

26
Q

hives

A

Common name for appearance of wheals during allergic reaction

27
Q

Hodgkin disease (HD)

A

Cancer of lymphatic cells found in lymph nodes; also called Hodgkin lymphoma

28
Q

immunodeficiency

A

Having an immune system that is unable to respond properly to pathogens; also called immunocompromised

29
Q

immunosuppressant

A

Medication to block certain actions of immune system; used to prevent rejection of transplanted organ

30
Q

inflammation

A

Tissue response to injury; characterized by redness, pain, swelling, and feeling hot to touch

31
Q

Kaposi sarcoma (KS)

A

Type of skin cancer often seen in patients with AIDS; consists of brownish-purple papules that begin in skin and spread to internal organs

32
Q

mononucleosis (mono)

A

Acute viral infection of lymphoid tissue with large number of abnormal white blood cells circulating in bloodstream

33
Q

non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)

A

Cancer of the lymphatic tissues other than Hodgkin lymphoma

34
Q

opportunistic infections

A

Infections seen in patients with compromised immune systems

35
Q

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP)

A

Opportunistic infection common in immunodeficient persons; caused by fungus Pneumocystis jirovecii

36
Q

sarcoidosis

A

Autoimmune disease with fibrous lesions forming in lymph nodes, liver, skin, lungs, spleen, eyes, and small bones of hands and feet

37
Q

scratch test

A

Type of allergy testing in which body is exposed to allergens through a light scratch in skin

38
Q

severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome (SCIDS)

A

Genetic condition of children born with nonfunctioning immune system who often forced to live in sealed sterile rooms

39
Q

systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

A

Autoimmune disease in which immune system attacks connective tissue throughout body such as in joints and skin

40
Q

urticaria

A

Severe itching associated with hives, usually seen in allergic reactions to food, stress, or medications

41
Q

vaccination

A

Exposure to weakened pathogen to stimulate immune response and antibody production to give future protection against full-blown disease; also called immunization

42
Q

Western blot test

A

Blood test to detect various antibodies in bloodstream such as HIV antibodies; cloistered more precise than ELISA

Medical Terminology (5 decks)

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