Chater 3 Energy And Energy Changes

Question 1

Quantum mechanics

Answer 1

Branch of physics that deals with the behavior of atomic particles

Question 2

Electromagnetic radiation

Answer 2

A type of energy embodied as oscillating electric and magnetic vectors

Question 3

Amplitude

Answer 3

A measure of maximum displacement from a baseline

Question 4

Wavelength, λ

Answer 4

Distance between two adjacent peaks/troughs

Question 5

Frequency, ν

Answer 5

A measure of the number of cycles that passes a stationary point in a given true period

Question 6

Refraction

Answer 6

The bending of waves as it passes from one medium to another of different densities

Question 7

Diffraction

Answer 7

The bending of lights as it passes through a small opening

Question 8

Fraunhofer lines

Answer 8

Missing energies from sunlight energy is continuous

Question 9

Blackbodies

Answer 9

Emit radiation based on temperature

Coal
Red 1000k
Orange 1500k
White 2000k

Question 10

Quantum

Answer 10

The smallest, discrete quantity of a particle form of energy

Question 11

Quantized

Answer 11

Restricted to certain values. Energy of the atom is quantized.

Equantum=hv

E:energy j/quantum

h: plancks constant- 6.626e-34
v: frequency

Question 12

Photoelectric effect

Answer 12

1.presence of a threshold frequency. Vmin.
Red light==>no electron ejected
Low V
Blue light==>electron ejected
High V
2.absence of a lag time
Bright blue light>same time for electron 
vs. dim blue light

Question 13

Photon

Answer 13

A quantum of electromagnetic radiation

Ephoton=hV e- ejected, only if
Elight>Φ
Φ=hVmin
φ: work function-minimum energy needed

If light>Φ Elight=Φ + KEe-

Question 14

Neil Bohr

Answer 14

1. e- reside in particular orbitals know. As stationary states
2. energy of an e- in a stationary state is related to the distance from the nucleus
3. electrons can move from one stationary state to another by absorbing or releasing energy equal to the difference in energies of the stationary state
4. the energy of a stationary is given by its “principal quantum number”(n)-2.18x10^-18
   E=———————
   n^2

Question 15

Quantum mechanics

Answer 15

electrons have wave like properties

λ=h/mu

Question 16

Particle property

Answer 16

wave property complementary
position——-velocity

▵x •m▵u≥h/4π Heisenberg uncertainty

∆x: uncertainty in position
m:mass in kg
∆u: uncertainty in velocity

Question 17

Principal quantum number, n(shell)

Answer 17

a value that determines the size and energy of an orbital.

Question 18

Angular momentum quantum numer, l(subshell)

Answer 18

a value that determines the shape of an orbital

l=0,1,2…n-1

l=0 s orbital
l=1 p orbital
l=2 d orbital
l=3 f orbital

Question 19

Magnetic quantum number, ml

Answer 19

value that describes the spatial orientation of an orbital.
ml= -l…-1,0,+1…+l

n=1 n=2
l=0 l=0,1
ml=0 ml=-1,0,+1
1s 2s,2p

Question 20

Degenerate

Answer 20

having the same energies

Question 21

Electron spin quantum number, Ms

Answer 21

all electrons have an intrinsic spin

Ms=+1/2,-1/2
spin up, spin down

Question 22

Aufbak Priniciple

Answer 22

electrons occupy the lowest energy orbital first build up

Question 23

Pauli exclusion principle

Answer 23

in an atom, no 2 electrons can have same for quantum numbers. An orbital can only hold 2 electrons

Question 24

Hunds Rule

Answer 24

when filling degenerate orbitals, fill them singly first, with parallel spins

Question 25

Short hand notation

Answer 25

start with noble gas in the 2nd to last row(in brackets) and just write out the last row