Chapter 5 Compounds

Question 1

Ionic bond

Answer 1

bond formed from the electrostatic interaction between cations and anions.

Metal and nonmetals

Question 2

Covalent bond

Answer 2

bond formed when electrons are shared

nonmetal and nonmetal

Question 3

Metallic bond

Answer 3

bond formed from loosely held electrons

electron sea model, metal and metal

Question 4

Valance electron

Answer 4

electron in the outermost shell

highest energy electron: Group 1,2,13,18

Question 5

Octet Rule

Answer 5

atoms will react(gain, lose,share electrons) so that they have 8 electrons in the outer-shell

exception: H,He,Li,Be,B

Question 6

Chemical Formula

Answer 6

a listing of the type of atoms(element) and the number of each type

Question 7

Lattice energy

Answer 7

the energy associated with forming a crystalline lattice

Question 8

Crystalline lattice

Answer 8

alternating array of cations and anions(3 dimensional)

Question 9

Ionic compounds

Answer 9

compounds formed from cations

Question 10

Writing formulas

Answer 10

1. known the expected charges
   group 1: 1+ group 14: none
   group 2: 2+ group 15: 3-
   group 13: 3+ group 16: 2- group 17: -1
2. the formula is written so that the sum of the charges is zero
3. the formula always represents the lowest ratio

Question 11

Polyatomic

Answer 11

a group of atoms that form an ion

Question 12

Naming Ionic compounds

Answer 12

1. naming cations
   a) main group element
   group: 1,2,13-18
   these cations are named by adding the term ion
   b) metals with varying charges
   group:3-12,Sn,Pb
   these are named with the charge given in Roman numeral filled by ion (I,II,III,IV,V,VI)

2.Naming anions
anions are named by modifying the base with the suffix -ide ion

3. know the polyatomic ion
hypo\_\_\_\_ite
                -ite fewer oxygen
                -ate more oxygen
per\_\_\_\_\_ate

ionic compounds are named by naming the cation anion

Question 13

Hydrates

Answer 13

ionic compounds with a specific number of water molecules incorporated into its crystalline structure

name the ionic compound, then indicate the number of waters using the greek prefixes followed by the term hydrate.

1: mono 6:hexa
2: di 7:hepta
3: tri 8:octa
4: tetra 9:noma
5: penta 10:deca

Question 14

Covalent bond

Answer 14

bond formed from sharing electrons

Question 15

Molecule

Answer 15

two or more atoms chemically joined

Question 16

compound

Answer 16

two or more different atoms

Question 17

atomic elements

Answer 17

elements that exist as single atoms

Question 18

molecular elements

Answer 18

elements that exist as molecules

Question 19

diatomic elements

Answer 19

H2,N2,O2,F2,Cl2,Br2,I,2

Question 20

empirical formula

Answer 20

lowest ration of atoms

alway for ionic compounds

Question 21

molecular formula

Answer 21

the exact ration of atoms

Question 22

structural formula

Answer 22

formula that shows how the atoms are attached

Question 23

naming covalent compounds

Answer 23

1.name the compounds as if it were ionic
1st element unmodified
2nd element -ide suffix

2. indicate the numbers of each element using the Greek prefixes
3. Drop the -a or -o in the prefix when used with oxygen

Question 24

Mass percent

Answer 24

the fraction percentages composition of an element in a compound by mass

(Total mass of elementsX(in 1 mole)/molar mass of compound)x100

1. convert gram to moles
2. divide by smallest number of moles
3. if there are still decimal clear decimal as follows:
4. 5•2
5. 33•3
6. 25•4
7. 20•5