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Chem I Final Flashcards > Chapter 1 Study Of Chemistry > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Study Of Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

Matter:

A

Anything that has mass and occupies space. Made of atoms-the smallest particle of an element that retains chemical nature of the element.

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2
Q

Molecules

A

Two or more atoms chemically joined

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3
Q

The scientific Method

A

Observations
Hypothesis: a tentative explanation or interpretation. Must be testable.
Experiment: highly controlled set of procedures to generate more data or observations.

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4
Q

Scientific law:

A

Generalization about past observations from which future predictions can be made.

Examples:
Law of gravity/law of conversation of matter/ Newton’s law is motion/ law of thermodynamics

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5
Q

Scientific Theory:

A

An explanation of an observation or law. Theories can only be validated. Never prove a theory 100%.

Examples:
Theory of gravity/ Evolutionary Theory/ Big Bang Theory/ Cell theory

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6
Q

Measurements: international system d’unites

A 
Length: meter,m
Mass: kilograms, kg
Time: seconds, s
Temperature: kelvin, k
Amount: mole, mol
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7
Q

Derived units

A

Volume
Density
Velocity
Force

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8
Q

Length

A

Distance traveled by light in a vacuum in a give time period.
1m=39.37 in

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9
Q

Volume

A

Amount of space occupied by an object

SI Unit: 1m^3= 1000L
1mL=1cm^3=1cc

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10
Q

Mass

A

The amount of matter in an object kilogram

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11
Q

Weight

A

A measure of the gravitational pull exact on an object

1kg=2.205lbs

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12
Q

Density

A

Mass/volume

Examples

g/cm^3=g/ml
Kg/L

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13
Q

Time

A

Cs-133 frequency of the emitted radiation

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14
Q

Temperature

A

A measure of the average kinetic energy in a system. Energy of motion.

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15
Q

Significant figures

A

Digits in a measurements which contain digits and one digit of uncertainty

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16
Q

Digital instruments

A

Record all digits shown on the display

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17
Q

Analog instruments

A

10% rule: in reading measurements the uncertainty should be 10% of the instrument increments

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18
Q

Buret

A

Glassware used to measure delivered volume

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19
Q

Rules of sig. figs.

A
  1. All non zeros are significant
  2. Zeros between no zeros are significant
  3. Leading zeros are never significant
  4. Trailing zeros right of a decimal are significant
  5. Trailing zeros before an implied decimal are not significant
  6. Counting numbers and define numbers have an infinite number of sig. dig. (No uncertainty)
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20
Q

Scientific notation

A

A way of expressing numbers as a number between 1 and 10 times 10 raised to some power

Positive exponent: large number- move decimal to right
Negative exponent: small numbers- move decimal to left

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21
Q

Metric prefixes

A 
Kilo, k:1000
Centi, c:0.01
Milli, m:0.001
Micro, μ: 0.000001
Nano, n:0.000000001
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22
Q

Division/multiplication

A

The answer cannot have more sig. figs. Then any of the original numbers

Choose the smallest

23
Q

Addition/subtraction

A

The answer cannot have more digits after the furthest left uncertain digit of any of the original numbers

24
Q

Precision

A

How close a set of data are to each other reproducibility

25
Q

Accuracy

A

How close a measurement is to the true or accepted value

26
Q

Error

A

The difference between an experimental value and the true value

27
Q

Gross(human)

A

Error that arises from carelessness, laziness, bad luck, etc

28
Q

Random(indeterminate)

A

An inherent error present in all measurements that has equal probability for being too high or too low

29
Q

Systematic(determinate)

A

An error that is bias in a particular direction and has an assignable cause

30
Q

Conversion factors

A

1ft: 12in
1km: 1000m
1hr: 3600s
50mi: 1hr

31
Q

Solid

A

Low kinetic energy. Strong attractive forces.

Fix volume, fixed shape

32
Q

Liquid

A

Moderate kinetic energy. Moderate attractive forces

No fix shape, fixed volume

33
Q

Gas

A

High kinetic energy. No attractive forces

No fix volume, no fix shape

34
Q

Liquid and gas

A

Liquid to gas: evaporation

Gas to liquid: condensation

35
Q

Liquid and solid

A

Liquid to solid: freezing

Solid to liquid: melting/fusion

36
Q

Gas and solid

A

Gas to solid: deposition

Solid to gas: sublimation

37
Q

Pure substances

A

Matter that has a fixed composition

38
Q

Element

A

Simplest type of matter with uniques properties comprised of a single type of atom

39
Q

Compounds

A

Matter that is composed of two or more types of atoms that are chemically bond

40
Q

Mixture

A

Matter comprises of two or more types of pure substance

41
Q

Homogenous

A

Matter that has uniform composition throughout

42
Q

Heterogenous

A

Matter that has a voguing composition

43
Q

Distillation

A

Separation based on different boiling points

44
Q

Filtration

A

Separation based on passing the sample through a medium that selectively retains certain particles

45
Q

Magnetism

A

Separation based on magnetic particles

46
Q

Centrifugation

A

Separation of solids from liquids

47
Q

Chromatography

A

Separation based on an analyses affinity for a stationary phase vs mobile phase

48
Q

Physical properties

A

Characteristics that can be observed without changing the substance

49
Q

Chemical properties

A

Characteristics that can only be observed by reacting the substance

Flammable, water reactive

50
Q

Physical change

A

Change that alters the state(solid,liquid,gas) or physical property

51
Q

Chemical change

A

Change that alters chemical make-up of a substance

52
Q

Intensive property

A

Characteristics that is independent of the amount of matter present

Boiling, density

53
Q

Extensive property

A

Characteristics that is dependent of the amount of matter present

Volume and mass

Chem I Final Flashcards (11 decks)

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