Chapter 4 The Modern Periodic Table

Question 1

Valance electrons

Answer 1

electrons of the outermost, highest energy shell.

groups 1,2,13-18: s and p orbitals electrons

Question 2

Core electrons

Answer 2

electrons in lower energy, completely filled shells

Question 3

Nuclear charge, Z

Answer 3

the charge in the nucleus

Question 4

Effective nuclear charge, Zeff

Answer 4

the actual charge an electron experiences from the nucleus. It may be less than the nuclear charge due to shielding.

Question 5

Shielding

Answer 5

the effect of reducing the nuclear change by lower energy electrons

Question 6

Atomic radii(size)

Answer 6

down a group, size increases

across a period, size decreases

Question 7

Metallic Character

Answer 7

Good conductors of electricity(same as atomic radii)

Question 8

Ionization energy, IE

Answer 8

the energy required to remove an electron from an atom in gas phase.

up a group, IE increases
across a period, IE Increases

Question 9

Electron Affinity, EA

Answer 9

the energy charge when an electron is added to an atom in the gas phase

Question 10

Magnetic properties

Answer 10

atomic level. Determine by electron pair. electrons have spin and charge===> creates magnetic fields.

Question 11

Paramagnetic

Answer 11

having magnetic properties—->unpaired electrons

Question 12

diamagnetic

Answer 12

not having magnetic properties—->all electrons are paired.

Question 13

Cations

Answer 13

for transitions metals these lose their s-orbital electron first.

cations are always smaller than the neutral(of the same element)

Question 14

Anions

Answer 14

Anion is always larger than the neutral(of the same element)