Characteristics and classification of living organisms

Question 1

What must all living organisms do

Answer 1

Movement
Respiration
Sensitivity

Growth
Reproduction
Excretion
Nutrition

Question 2

Definition of movement

Answer 2

An action caused by the organism to change position or place

Question 3

Definition of respiration

Answer 3

The chemical reactions that break down nutrient molecules in living cells to release energy for metabolism

Question 4

Definition of sensitivity

Answer 4

The ability of an organism to detect changes in the environment

Question 5

Definition of growth

Answer 5

a permanent increase in size and dry mass by an increase in cell number or cell size or both

Question 6

Definition of reproduction

Answer 6

the processes that make more of the same kind of organism

Question 7

Definition of excretion

Answer 7

the removal from organisms of toxic materials, the waste products of metabolism (chemical reactions in cells including respiration) and substances in excess of requirements

Question 8

Definition of nutrition

Answer 8

the taking in of materials for energy, growth and development; plants require light, carbon dioxide, water and ions; animals need organic compounds, ions and usually need water

Question 9

Definition of species

Answer 9

A group of organisms that can reproduce to give birth to fertile offspring

Question 10

In the bi-nominal system, what letter case is the genus and species

Answer 10

Genus is capital

Species is lower-case

Question 11

What is the sequence of classification

Answer 11

Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

Question 12

Characteristics of mammals

Answer 12

Hair
Four-chambered heart
Placenta
mammary glands
Different types of teeth

Question 13

Characteristics of birds

Answer 13

Feathers
four chambered heart
wings
beak
lay eggs with hard shells

Question 14

Characteristics of amphibians

Answer 14

Smooth skin

lay eggs with no shells in water

Question 15

Characteristics of fish

Answer 15

Scales, lay eggs with no shells in water

Question 16

Characteristics of reptiles

Answer 16

Scales

Lay soft-shelled eggs on land

Question 17

Characteristics of arthropods

Answer 17

jointed legs

segmented bodies

Question 18

Characteristics of arachnids

Answer 18

body divided into head and cephalothorax

four pairs of jointed legs

Question 19

Characteristics of insects

Answer 19

Body divided into head, thorax and abdomen
six jointed legs attached to the thorax
four wings attached to the thorax

Question 20

Characteristics of crustaceans

Answer 20

More than four pairs of jointed legs

Hard shell

Question 21

Characteristics of myriapods

Answer 21

Many similar segments each with at least one pair of jointed legs

Question 22

Characteristics of animal kingdom

Answer 22

Cells with no cell walls
multicellular
feed on organic substances made by other organisms

Question 23

Characteristics of plant kindgom

Answer 23

Cells with cell walls
multicellular
make their own organic substances from inorganic ones, by photosynthesis

Question 24

Characteristics of fungus kingdom

Answer 24

Cells with cell walls not made of cellulose
multi-cellular and single-celled
feed on dead or decaying organic material

Question 25

Characteristics of protoctist kingdom

Answer 25

Single celled organisms with a nucleus some have cell walls and chloroplasts and some do not

Question 26

Characteristics of prokaryote kingdom

Answer 26

single-celled organisms, with no nucleus, mitochondria, or endoplasmic reticulum have a cell wall but are not made from cellulose

Question 27

Groups within the plant kingdom

Answer 27

ferns | flowering plants

Question 28

Groups within flowering plants

Answer 28

Monocotyledons | dicotyledons

Question 29

What are monocotyledons

Answer 29

They have seeds containing one cotyledon their flowers are usually in sets of three Their leaves are often strap shaped with parallel veins they often have a branching root system

Question 30

What are dicotyledons

Answer 30

They have seeds containing two cotyledons their flowers usually have parts in sets of four or five their leaves are often broad, with a network of veins They often have a tap root

Question 31

What are ferns

Answer 31

they have leaves called fronds and reproduce with spores that grow on the back of the fronds

Question 32

What are flowering plants

Answer 32

These are plants which have flowers and seeds for reproduction

Question 33

How do biologists classify organisms

Answer 33

By using morphology - the overall structure of the organism Anatomy - the more detailed structure like positions and shapes of organisms Sequences of amino acids that make up proteins sequences of bases that make up DNA