Chapter 2 - human diet and digestion Flashcards
1
Q
- What is an example of carbohydrates
- What is a carbohydrate’s function
A
- Example - potatoes, pasta, rice
- Function - to release energy in respiration
2
Q
- What is an example of a fat source
- What is its function
- What can high levels of saturated fat cause
A
- Sources - Plant oils, fatty meat
- Function - energy storage; making cell membranes
- High levels of saturated fat increase risk of coronary heart disease
3
Q
- What is a souce of protein
- What is protein’s function
A
- Source - meat, fish, pulses, dairy
- Function - building cells, making enzymes, making haemoglobin
4
Q
- What is a source of vitamin C
- What is its function
- What does a lack of vitamin C cause
A
- Source - citrus fruits
- Function - making collagen (an elastic protein found in skin and bones)
- A lack of vitamin C causes scurvy
5
Q
- What is a source of vitamin D
- What is the function of vitamin D
- What can a lack of vitamin D cause
A
- Source - dairy products; formed in skin when sunlight falls
- Function - helps calcium to be absorbed, important for strong bones
6
Q
What is a source of calcium
What is the function of calcium
A
- Source - dairy products
- Function - strong bones and teeth
7
Q
- What is a source of iron
- What is the function of iron
- What does a lack of iron cause
A
- Source - red meat, dark green vegetables
- Function - making haemoglobin
- Lack of iron causes anaemia
8
Q
What is a source of fibre
What is fibre’s function
What does a lack of fibre cause
A
- Source - fruit, vegetables, brown rice
- Function - helps muscles in the alimentry canal to work
- lack of fibre causes constipation
9
Q
- What is a source of water
- What is the function of water
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A
- Source - drinks, most foods
- Function - acts as a solvent
10
Q
What are the dietary needs of a person affected by
A
- Age - younger people need more protein for growth; older people need less energy as they’re inactive
- Gender - men need more energy intake than women
- Pregnancy and breast feeding - a woman needs plenty of protein, vitamins and minerals to upply her fetus or young baby
- Activity - a more active lifestyle requires more energy intake
11
Q
- What does low protein intake result in
- What does the conditions entail
A
- A low protein intake results in kwashikor
- The person will have a very low body weight but may have a swollen abdomen
12
Q
- What can a low energy intake result in
- What does this condition entail
A
- A low energy intake results in marasmus
- The person has a very low body weight and looks emaciated
13
Q
What happens in the mouth in the alimentry canal
A
- Mechanical digestion by teeth takes place - chews up food in smaller bits for larger surface area
- Salivary glands contain the enzyme maltose to digest starch into glucose
- Ball of food is lubricated by the saliva
14
Q
What occurs in the oesophagus during digestion
A
- The tube that connects the mouth to the stomach
- Contractions take place to push the food down relying on gravity
15
Q
What happens in the stomach during the alimentry canal
A
- Food is mechanically ingested due to the churning actions
- Protease enzymes start to digest proteins
- Hydrochloric acid is produced to kill bacteria in the stomach and to provide the optimum Ph for protease enzymes to work
16
Q
What occurs in the two sections of the small intestine
A
Section 1 - duodenum
- Food coming out of the stomach is finsihed being digested here; site of amylase, protease, lipase,
Section 2 - ileum
- Absorbtion of food molecules takes place here
17
Q
What occurs at the large intenstine during the alimentry canal
A
- Water is absorbed in the colon to produce faeces
- Faeces is stored in the rectum
- Faeces is egested from the anus
18
Q
What is the function of the pancreas
A
Produces enzymes: Amylase, protease and lipase
- Secretes enzymes into the duodenum in an alkaline solution
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