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Biology IG > Characteristics and classification of living organisms > Flashcards

Characteristics and classification of living organisms Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the seven characteristics/life processes of living organisms?

A

Movement, respiration, sensitivity, growth, reproduction, excretion, nutrition

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2
Q

What is movement?

A

Movement is an action by an organism or part of an organism causing a change of position or place

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3
Q

What is respiration?

A

Respiration is chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules and release energy for metabolism

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4
Q

What is sensitivity?

A

sensitivity is the ability to detect or sense stimuli in the internal or external environment and to make appropriate responses.

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5
Q

What is growth?

A

Growth is a permanent increase in size and dry mass by an increase in cell number or cell mass or both

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6
Q

What is reproduction?

A

The processes that make more of the same organism

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7
Q

What is excretion?

A

The removal from organisms of toxic materials, the waste products of metabolism and substances in excess of requirements

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8
Q

What is egestion?

A

The passing out of undigested food through the anus

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9
Q

What is nutrition?

A

The taking in of materials for energy, growth and development.

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10
Q

How can nutrients be taken in?

A

Nutrients can be consumed by eating or other processes like diffusion and osmosis

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11
Q

What is classification?

A

The way biologists group organisms to determine things like their family groups and species, evolutionary relationships and study their morphology and specific characteristics

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12
Q

What is a species?

A

A group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring

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13
Q

What is the binomial system?

A

An internationally agreed system in which the scientific name of an organism is divided into two parts showing the genus and species

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14
Q

How do you write the binomial name?

A

Capitalize the genus but not the species.
Underline or italicise the word.

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15
Q

What are dichotomous keys?

A

A tool used to identify organisms based on their features and they are made in two forms: A table and a family tree.

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16
Q

What is an evolutionary relationship?

A

Relationships between organisms that are related by evolution

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17
Q

What is the modern method of classification?

A

Base sequences in DNA. Groups of organisms that share a more recent ancestor have more similar base sequences meaning they are more closely related

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18
Q

Describe the evidence used by scientists to show the relatedness of organisms (3)

A

Traditional classifications can be used such as morphology or observation of physical features (1). Another way could be the study of structures within cells (1) and DNA base sequences is another way (1).

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19
Q

An echidna has these feautures: A bird-like beak, lays leathery eggs into a mammary pouch, has fur on body, produces milk for it’s offspring
a) Suggest why traditional classification methods would make this animal difficult to classify
b) Explain which classification approach may give a more accurate decision for grouping this animal (4)

A

a)
- Use only morphology/visible features/ physical features (1)
- Echidna’s share many features with other vertebrates (1)
b)
- DNA base sequences would be more accurate (1)
- Because the more similar the base sequences are, the more closely related two species/vertebrate are (1)

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20
Q

What are the 5 main kingdoms?

A
  • Animals
  • Plants
  • Fungi
  • Prokaryotes
  • Protoctists
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21
Q

What are vertebrates and what are the main groups?

A

Animals with a backbone. The main groups are reptiles, fish, amphibians, birds, and mammals

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22
Q

What are the main features of reptiles?

A
  • Cold blooded
  • Have dry scaly skin
  • Lay eggs on dry land
  • (Snake, crocodile, lizards)
23
Q

What are the main features of fish?

A
  • Have scales on their bodies
  • Have gills for breathing
  • Cold blooded
  • (Shark, tuna, salmon)
24
Q

What are the main features of amphibians?

A
  • Have moist, slimy skin
  • Cold blooded
  • Lay eggs in water
  • (Frog, newt, salamander)
25
Q

What are the main features of birds?

A
  • Have feathers and wings
  • Have beaks and lay eggs
  • Warm blooded
  • (Eagle, swan, sparrow)
26
Q

What are the main features of mammals?

A
  • Have fur or hair
  • Feed young on milk
  • Warm blooded
  • external ears
  • (Cow, human, bear)
27
Q

What are the main groups of arthropods?

A

Arachnids, crustaceans, insects and myriapods

28
Q

Frogs spawn eggs in water. Frogs are vertebrates.
a) state the group that frogs belong to (1)
b) Describe the evidence provided in the image that suggest it belongs to this group (2)

A

a) amphibians
b)
- Eggs laid in water (1)
- Smooth skin OR absence of gills, scales, feathers and fur (1)

29
Q

What is an arthropod?

A

All invertebrates with jointed legs, segmented bodies and a hard exoskeleton made of chitin

30
Q

What is a virus’s structure?

A

Genetic material (RNA or DNA) inside a protein coat

31
Q

Are viruses living or nonliving? Why?

A

Viruses are nonliving. This is because they can only carry out the seven processes of life if they are inside a host cell which is why they need to infect living things to survive

32
Q

What are the features of ferns?

A
  • Have leaves called fronds
  • Do not produce flowers and instead reproduce by spores produced on the underside of fronds
33
Q

What are the features of flowering plants?

A
  • Reproduce sexually by means of flowers and seeds
  • Seeds are produced inside the ovary found at the base of the flower
  • Can be divided into two groups: monocotyledons and dicotyledons
34
Q

What are the features of monocotyledons?

A
  • Contain petals in a multiple of 3
  • Leaves have parallel leaf veins
  • Vascular bodies are randomly arranged
  • Fibrous root system
35
Q

What are the features of dicotyledons?

A
  • Contains petals in multiples of 4 or 5
  • Leaves have branched veins
  • Vascular bodies arranged in rings
  • Roots are taproot
36
Q

What are eukaryotic cells?

A

Contain a nucleus and organelles bound by plasma membranes

37
Q

What are prokaryotic cells?

A

Do not have membrane bound organelles

38
Q

What are autotrophs?

A
  • Organisms that produce their own food
  • Plants, algae, some bacteria, phytoplankton
39
Q

What are heterotrophs?

A
  • An organism that doesn’t make it’s food (consumer)
  • Animals, fungi, most protozoa, most bacteria
40
Q

What are the main features of plant kingdom?

A
  • Multicellular
  • Eukaryotic cells
  • Cell wall made of cellulose
  • Autotrophs
41
Q

What are the main features of animal kingdom?

A
  • Multicellular
  • Eukaryotic cells
  • No cell wall
  • Heterotrophs
42
Q

What are the main features of fungi kingdom?

A
  • Multicellular
  • Eukaryotic cells
  • Cell wall made of chitin
43
Q

What are the main features of the prokaryote kingdom?

A
  • Unicellular
  • Prokaryotic cells
  • Cell wall made of peptidoglycan
44
Q

What are the main features of the protoctist kingdom?

A
  • Unicellular
  • Eukaryotic cells
  • Heterotrophs or autotrophs
  • Algae, parasites, amoeba
45
Q

What is the vascular system?

A

Transports nutrients and water to cells in the plant (called xylem (water) and phloem (nutrients))

46
Q

What are seeds?

A

Seeds contain a baby embryonic plant, the outside covering provides safety and nutrition to the seedling

47
Q

What are spores?

A

Spores are a small, single-celled reproductive structure normally spread by non-flowering plants

48
Q

What are plants that produce spores but have no vascular system?

A

Mosses, lichen

49
Q

What are plants that produce spores but have a vascular system?

A

Ferns

50
Q

What are plants that produce seeds but have a vascular system?

A

Flowering plants, conifers

51
Q

What are the main features of insects?

A

Three body sections and six legs

52
Q

What are the main features of arachnids?

A

Two body sections and eight legs

53
Q

What are the main features of crustaceans?

A

two body sections and at least ten legs

54
Q

What are the main features of myriapods?

A

Many segments with lots of legs

Biology IG (24 decks)

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