Characteristics and classification of living organisms

Question 1

define movement

Answer 1

an action by an organism or
part of an organism causing a change of
position or place

Question 2

define respiration

Answer 2

chemical reactions in cells
that break down nutrient molecules and
release energy for metabolism

Question 3

define sensitivity

Answer 3

ability to detect and
respond to changes in the internal or external
environment

Question 4

define growth

Answer 4

permanent increase in size and
dry mass

Question 5

define reproduction

Answer 5

processes that make
more of the same kind of organism

Question 6

define excretion

Answer 6

removal of the waste
products of metabolism and substances in
excess of requirements

Question 7

define nutrition

Answer 7

taking in of materials for
energy, growth and development

Question 8

classification systems aim to reflect?

Answer 8

evolutionary relationships

Question 9

How can organisms can be classified into groups?

Answer 9

By the features they share

Question 10

define a specie

Answer 10

group of organisms that
can reproduce to produce fertile offspring

Question 11

What is the binomial system of naming species

Answer 11

internationally agreed system in which the
scientific name of an organism is made up of two
parts showing the genus and species

Question 12

What other means of a specie can be used to classify animals into groups?

Answer 12

sequences of bases of dna

Question 13

What does it mean if a group of organisms share a recent ancestor?

Answer 13

(they are more closely related)
have base sequences in DNA that are more
similar than those that share only a distant
ancestor

Question 14

What comes first, he genus or the specie?

Answer 14

Genus

Question 15

What is the genus in Homo sapiens?

Answer 15

Homo

Question 16

What is defined as a specie?

Answer 16

group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring

Question 17

What is the genus?

Answer 17

generic term used in the classification of living organism

Question 18

what is the difference between flowering plants and ferns

Answer 18

Ferns don’t have pollen, ferns don’t have seeds, ferns don’t have fruits and they need water for fermentation

Flowering plants have pollen, have seeds, have flowers or fruits and do not require water for fermentation

Question 19

state the features of a virus

Answer 19

have a protein coat that encloses genetic material
viruses are made out of particles rather than cells
smaller than bacteria
can reproduce inside cells
infects all type of organisms

Question 20

name 3 viruses

Answer 20

tabacco mosaic virus
HIV
influenzia virus

Question 21

name the kingdoms that are pathogens

Answer 21

fungi, prokaryotes, protoctisits and bacteria aswell as virus

Question 22

What is a pathogen?

Answer 22

an organism that causes disease

Question 23

Describe features of a bacteria cell

Answer 23

single called prokaryotic cells
no nucleus
circular chromosomes of dna
some can photonisize
most bacteria feed off of dead and live organisms
is a pathogen and

Question 24

Name a bacteria and what it causes

Answer 24

pneumococcus- pneumonia

Question 25

state the main feautures of animals

Answer 25

multicellular
no chloroplasts
no cell wall
nervous coordination- response
moves around
eukaryotic

Question 26

state the main features of fungi?

Answer 26

some are single called
no photosynthesis
cell walls made of chitin
they store carbs as glycogen

Question 27

state the main features of plants?

Answer 27

multicellular
they have chloroplasts for photosynthesis
they have cell walls made of cellulose
they store carbs as starch and sucrose

Question 28

What are the features of protocetids?

Answer 28

single called
microscopic
some have chlororplasts
and are similar to plant cells others are more like animal cells
they have a nucleus

Question 29

What are the main groups of vertebrates?

Answer 29

mammals,
birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish

Question 30

What are the main groups of arthopods?

Answer 30

myriapods,
insects, arachnids, crustaceans

Question 31

what are the 8 characteristics all living things do?

Answer 31

move
respire
control internal conditions
grow and develop
reproduce
excrete waste materials
require nutrition
respond to their surroundings

Question 32

Why are viruses non living?

Answer 32

They do not have all of the characteristics of living things
for eg
they cant repire

Question 33

what is phylogenetics?

Answer 33

study of evolutionary relationships

Question 34

What are the two ways organisms can be classified?

Answer 34

physical feautures
phylogenetic relationships

Question 35

How are more modern classification techniques more accurate?

Answer 35

biochemical and genetic analysis gives more precise and detailed understanding of the relationships of organisms

Question 36

How can organisms that share a recent ancestor be identified?

Answer 36

anylase the organism’s dna
organisms with more similar dna sequences are more closely related

Question 37

What are the 5 kingdoms?

Answer 37

animalia, fungi, plantae, Protoctista, plantea

Question 38

3 advantages of the binominal system?

Answer 38

its universal
provides information on closely related organisms and hence their traits
allows for precise naming

Question 39

What are the two board groups of animals?

Answer 39

vertebrates and invertebrates

Question 40

What is an arthapod?

Answer 40

invertebrate with an exoskeleton

Question 41

What are the two boarding groups of plants

Answer 41

flowering plants and ferns

Question 42

What are the two main groups of flowering plants

Answer 42

monocotyledons and dicotyledons

Question 43

difference between monocotyledons and dicotyledons

Answer 43

monocotyledons contain only one embryonic flower
whereas
dicotyledons contain 2