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115 and 112 > Chapters 9 and 10- Vessels > Flashcards

Chapters 9 and 10- Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

3 layers of aorta and vein

A

tunica adventitia, tunica media, tunica intima

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2
Q

The tunica media is thicker in arteries because of

A

pressure from the heart

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3
Q

fluid and blood show up black on ultrasound. this is called?

A

Anechoic

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4
Q

bone shows up bright white on ultrasound. this is called?

A

hyperechoic

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5
Q

Tissue that is darker than the surrounding tissue is referred to as

A

Hypoechoic

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5
Q

where is the Celiac Access/trunk in relation to the Superior Mesenteric Artery?

A

Superior

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6
Q

Describe the location of the aorta.

A

It runs superior to inferior along the left of the spine.

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6
Q

The first branch of the aorta

A

Celiac artery/access/trunk

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6
Q

The third branch of the aorta

A

R and L Renal arteries

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7
Q

Celiac artery/access/trunk branches location

A

Arises below the liver and branches into the common hepatic, splenic, L gastric arteries.

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8
Q

Superior Mesenteric Artery location

A

origniates from anterior abdominal aorta and runs parallel to aorta

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9
Q

R and L Renal arteries location

A

originate from abdominal aorta. Right runs posterior to IVC, Left runs straight to L kidney.

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10
Q

What organs are supplied by the Superior Mesenteric Artery?

A

small bowel, cecum, ascending colon and part of transverse colon.

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11
Q

What organs are supplied by the R and L Renal arteries?

A

kidney, adrenal glands, ureter

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12
Q

Where do the renal arteries bifurcate?

A

at the umbilicus, iliac crest, and L4 vertebrae.

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13
Q

What position should the patient be in to get the best view of the renal arteries?

A

Decubitus

14
Q

Second branch of the aorta

A

Superior Mesenteric Artery

15
Q

When looking at a Transverse ultrasound, which vessel is on the Patient’s Right?

A

The IVC

16
Q

In a sagittal ultrasound, which structure appears more anterior? The IVC or Aorta

A

The IVC

17
Q

Describe the course of the IVC

A

It runs along the right of the aorta from inferior to superior into the right atrium of the heart.

18
Q

Name the four sections of the IVC

A

Hepatic, Pre-Renal, Renal, and Post-Renal

19
Q

What is different about the brances of the IVC that are on the left side?

A

The left side brances/veins must go around the aorta

20
Q

What is the normal diameter of a common iliac vein?

A

between 1.6- 1.8 cm

21
Q

What is the normal diameter of the IVC?

A

2.5 cm

22
Q

What is the normal length of the Right iliac vein

A

5.5 cm

23
Q

What is the normal length of the Left iliac Vein?

A

7.5 cm

24
Q

The pressure is lower in the IVC than the aorta. How does the blood in veins circulate?

A

With respiration and changes in thoracic pressure.

25
Q

Does the IVC have valves?

A

no. valves are found in extremities such as arms or legs.

26
Q

The IVC should not exceed a diameter of

A

3.7 cm

27
Q

Why do veins contain valves?

A

The momentim of blood (when the heart is in systole) forces the valves open and when the momentum decreases (during diastole), the valves close to prevent backflow of blood

28
Q

What tributaries are in the Hepatic portion of the IVC and what do they do?

A

The inferior phrenic veins are superior and they drain from the diaphragm into the IVC.
Below them are the hepatic veins which course from the liver and into the IVC.

29
Q

What are two reasons the IVC might be sonographically imaged?

A

Thrombosis or a Tumor Invasion which commonly occurs in the renal veins and extends into IVC.

30
Q

What are the three variants of the IVC that could be considered normal

A

A double IVC or left-positioned IVC. Rarely, an absence of the IVC

31
Q

What are some imaging tests that could be performed on the IVC?

A

Duplex doppler, color doppler, impedance flow plethsysmography, venography, CT Scan, MRI

32
Q

What are some imaging tests that could be performed on the Aorta?

A

Duplex doppler, color doppler, plethsysmography and segmental blood pressure, arteriography, CT Scan, MRI

33
Q

What is Hematocrit

A

Percentage of RBC to whole blood used to measure bleeding from the arterial system. An abnormal decrease in RBC may also point to bleeding.

34
Q

Levels of cholesterol and lipids in the aorta might indicate..?

A

The potential for pathology.

35
Q

What are some Sonographic Applications for the Aorta?

A

Dectection of aortic aneurysms, stenosis, or grafts

36
Q

What does the Celiac Artery split into?

A

The Common Hepatic Artery and the Splenic Artery. The left gastric artery also branches off proximally.

115 and 112 (7 decks)

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