Chapters 9 and 10- Vessels Flashcards
3 layers of aorta and vein
tunica adventitia, tunica media, tunica intima
The tunica media is thicker in arteries because of
pressure from the heart
fluid and blood show up black on ultrasound. this is called?
Anechoic
bone shows up bright white on ultrasound. this is called?
hyperechoic
Tissue that is darker than the surrounding tissue is referred to as
Hypoechoic
where is the Celiac Access/trunk in relation to the Superior Mesenteric Artery?
Superior
Describe the location of the aorta.
It runs superior to inferior along the left of the spine.
The first branch of the aorta
Celiac artery/access/trunk
The third branch of the aorta
R and L Renal arteries
Celiac artery/access/trunk branches location
Arises below the liver and branches into the common hepatic, splenic, L gastric arteries.
Superior Mesenteric Artery location
Inferior to the celiac axis and runs parallel to aorta
What is the difference between the paths of the Right and Left Renal arteries?
Right runs posterior to IVC, Left runs straight to L kidney.
What organs are supplied by the Superior Mesenteric Artery?
small bowel, cecum, ascending colon and part of transverse colon.
What organs are supplied by the R and L Renal arteries?
kidney, adrenal glands, ureter
Second branch of the aorta
Superior Mesenteric Artery
When looking at a Transverse ultrasound, which main vessel is on the Patient’s Right?
The IVC
In a sagittal ultrasound, which structure appears more anterior? The IVC or Aorta
The IVC
Describe the course of the IVC
It courses from inferior to superior into the right atrium of the heart.
Name the four sections of the IVC
Hepatic, Pre-Renal, Renal, and Post-Renal
What is different about the brances of the IVC that are on the left side?
The left side brances/veins must go around the aorta
What is the normal diameter of the Right renal vein
5.5 cm
What is the normal diameter of the IVC?
2.5 cm
What is the normal length of the Left iliac Vein?
7.5 cm
The pressure is lower in the IVC than the aorta. How does the blood in veins circulate?
With respiration and changes in thoracic pressure.
Does the IVC have valves?
no. valves are found in extremities such as arms or legs.
The IVC should not exceed a diameter of
3.7 cm
Why do veins contain valves?
The momentim of blood (when the heart is in systole) forces the valves open and when the momentum decreases (during diastole), the valves close to prevent backflow of blood
What are the three variants of the IVC that could be considered normal
A double IVC, left-positioned IVC, or rarely an absence of the IVC
What is Hematocrit? What might it indicate?
Percentage of RBC to whole blood used to measure bleeding from the arterial system. An abnormal decrease in RBC may also point to bleeding.
Levels of cholesterol and lipids in the aorta might indicate..?
The potential for pathology.
What does the Celiac Artery split into?
The Common Hepatic Artery and the Splenic Artery. The left gastric artery also branches off.
what is an aorta greater than 3 cm considered?
aneurysm
an IVC greater than 3.7 might indicate what pathology?
congestive heart failure
Where does the aorta leave the heart?
Left ventricle
Where does the IVC enter the heart?
Right atrium
