Chapter 15- Kidney Flashcards
Which kidney pole is anterior?
The inferior pole
What is the layer of fat surrounding the kidney called?
peranephric fat
What are the directional terms for the long kidney in a coronal plane?
Anterior, Mid, Posterior
What are the directional terms for the long kidney in a sagittal plane?
Medial, Mid, Lateral
where is the long kidney image measured?
MID
how many times do you measure at MID kidney? which measurement do you record?
2 seperate times. Keep the longest measurement.
The right and left kidneys should be within what percentage of each other?
10%
Why is the left kidney typically larger?
It’s next to the spleen. The left kidney has more room to grow in comparison to the right kidney, which is next to the liver.
What is Gerota’s Fascia?
a fibrous sheath that is the true capsule of the kidney
where are kidneys in relation to the peritoneum? Where are the ureters?
both are retroperitoneal
what is Morison’s pouch?
the space between the Rt kidney and liver.
From which direction do the ureters enter the bladder?
Posteriorly
A neonatal kidney is 3-5 cm. How long is the adult kidney?
9-12 cm for adults.
the male urethra is 20 cm in length. how long is the female urethra?
4 cm
What and When are the three stages of development of the kidneys?
Pronephros (week 4), Mesonephros and Metanephros (end of week 5 but not functional til week 8)
What is the renal parenchyma composed of?
the renal cortex and medulla
What is the cortex and what does it contain?
The outer area of the renal parenchyma that contains most of the nephron.
What is the medulla and what does it contain?
the inner portion of the renal parenchyma that contains the medullary pyramids.
Where does filtration occur?
in the glomerulus
Where in the kidney does reabsorption take place?
in the proximal convoluted tubules and the loop of Henle
most of the nephron is located in the cortex, but where is the loop of Henle?
the medullary pyramid
What are the columns of Bertin?
bands of cortical tissue that separate the pyramids.
What is the renal sinus and what is it composed of?
the central portion of the kidney that is composed of the renal hilum and the collection system.
What is the kidney’s infundibulum composed of
the minor and major calyces
what is the renal pelvis?
The expanded end of the ureter that receives urine from the calyces
What are the 4 layers of the urinary bladder?
Inner mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, outer serosa
what are the two functions of the kidney
urine production: excrete waste products and homeostasis: maintain blood volume
How do nephrons use osmosis
they move metabolic waste from areas of high concentration to low concentration
What is high specific gravity and what would it indicate?
dehydration. the higher the specific gravity the more dissoved solutes the urine has.
What is the order of arterial blood flow in the kidney.
aorta, renal, interlobar, arcurate, interlobular arteries, afferent and efferent arterioles
What is the order of venous blood flow from the kidney to the IVC.
peritubular capillaries, interlobular, arcurate, renal veins, IVC
What are the organs in order of? pyramids, cortex, sinus, parenchyma, spleen, liver, pancreas, renal sinus
hypo to hyper echoic
What is a dromedary hump
a hump on the lateral border of the kidney
A double collecting system is when each side has a renal pelvis when would this occur?
when the renal sinus is divided.
when does a horseshoe kidney occur?
when the kidneys are connected. usually at the lower poles.
What 2 structures are part of the upper urinary system?
Kidneys and Ureters
Is paranephric fat inside or outside of Gerota’s fascia?
Outside
Out of the structures in the renal hilum, which is most anterior?
Renal Veins
Where are the adrenal glands in relation to the kidneys?
Superomedial
Increased red blood cells in the urine may indicate
Renal trauma, calculi, infarction
What is renal ectopia?
Occurs when one or both kidneys occur outside the normal renal fossa
Where is the R renal artery in relation to the aorta/IVC?
The Right Renal Artery is behind the IVC
Where is the L renal artery in relation to the aorta/IVC?
The Left Renal Artery is between the Aorta and SMA
