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Abdominal Imaging 115/112 > Chapter 15- Kidney > Flashcards

Chapter 15- Kidney Flashcards

1
Q

Which kidney pole is anterior?

A

The inferior pole

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2
Q

What is the layer of fat surrounding the kidney called?

A

peranephric fat

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3
Q

What are the directional terms for the long kidney in a coronal plane?

A

Anterior, Mid, Posterior

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4
Q

What are the directional terms for the long kidney in a sagittal plane?

A

Medial, Mid, Lateral

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5
Q

where is the long kidney image measured?

A

MID

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6
Q

how many times do you measure at MID kidney? which measurement do you record?

A

2 seperate times. Keep the longest measurement.

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7
Q

The right and left kidneys should be within what percentage of each other?

A

10%

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8
Q

Why is the left kidney typically larger?

A

It’s next to the spleen. The left kidney has more room to grow in comparison to the right kidney, which is next to the liver.

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9
Q

What is Gerota’s Fascia?

A

a fibrous sheath that is the true capsule of the kidney

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10
Q

where are kidneys in relation to the peritoneum? Where are the ureters?

A

both are retroperitoneal

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11
Q

what is Morison’s pouch?

A

the space between the Rt kidney and liver.

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12
Q

From which direction do the ureters enter the bladder?

A

Posteriorly

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13
Q

A neonatal kidney is 3-5 cm. How long is the adult kidney?

A

9-12 cm for adults.

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14
Q

the male urethra is 20 cm in length. how long is the female urethra?

A

4 cm

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15
Q

What and When are the three stages of development of the kidneys?

A

Pronephros (week 4), Mesonephros and Metanephros (end of week 5 but not functional til week 8)

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16
Q

What is the renal parenchyma composed of?

A

the renal cortex and medulla

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17
Q

What is the cortex and what does it contain?

A

The outer area of the renal parenchyma that contains most of the nephron.

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18
Q

What is the medulla and what does it contain?

A

the inner portion of the renal parenchyma that contains the medullary pyramids.

19
Q

Where does filtration occur?

A

in the glomerulus

20
Q

Where in the kidney does reabsorption take place?

A

in the proximal convoluted tubules and the loop of Henle

21
Q

most of the nephron is located in the cortex, but where is the loop of Henle?

A

the medullary pyramid

22
Q

What are the columns of Bertin?

A

bands of cortical tissue that separate the pyramids.

23
Q

What is the renal sinus and what is it composed of?

A

the central portion of the kidney that is composed of the renal hilum and the collection system.

24
Q

What is the kidney’s infundibulum composed of

A

the minor and major calyces

25
Q

what is the renal pelvis?

A

The expanded end of the ureter that receives urine from the calyces

26
Q

What are the 4 layers of the urinary bladder?

A

Inner mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, outer serosa

27
Q

what are the two functions of the kidney

A

urine production: excrete waste products and homeostasis: maintain blood volume

28
Q

How do nephrons use osmosis

A

they move metabolic waste from areas of high concentration to low concentration

29
Q

What is high specific gravity and what would it indicate?

A

dehydration. the higher the specific gravity the more dissoved solutes the urine has.

30
Q

What is the order of arterial blood flow in the kidney.

A

aorta, renal, interlobar, arcurate, interlobular arteries, afferent and efferent arterioles

31
Q

What is the order of venous blood flow from the kidney to the IVC.

A

peritubular capillaries, interlobular, arcurate, renal veins, IVC

32
Q

What are the organs in order of? pyramids, cortex, sinus, parenchyma, spleen, liver, pancreas, renal sinus

A

hypo to hyper echoic

33
Q

What is a dromedary hump

A

a hump on the lateral border of the kidney

34
Q

A double collecting system is when each side has a renal pelvis when would this occur?

A

when the renal sinus is divided.

35
Q

when does a horseshoe kidney occur?

A

when the kidneys are connected. usually at the lower poles.

36
Q

What 2 structures are part of the upper urinary system?

A

Kidneys and Ureters

37
Q

Is paranephric fat inside or outside of Gerota’s fascia?

A

Outside

38
Q

Out of the structures in the renal hilum, which is most anterior?

A

Renal Veins

39
Q

Where are the adrenal glands in relation to the kidneys?

A

Superomedial

40
Q

Increased red blood cells in the urine may indicate

A

Renal trauma, calculi, infarction

41
Q

What is renal ectopia?

A

Occurs when one or both kidneys occur outside the normal renal fossa

42
Q

Where is the R renal artery in relation to the aorta/IVC?

A

The Right Renal Artery is behind the IVC

43
Q

Where is the L renal artery in relation to the aorta/IVC?

A

The Left Renal Artery is between the Aorta and SMA

Abdominal Imaging 115/112 (8 decks)

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